This document restrains the President and Congress and the states from hurting people.
Trump is learning that the hard way.
It actually enumerates federal powers and gives the balance to states and individuals. You are confusing activist judges with checks and balances.
What checks and balances? You have the executive branch attacking the judicial by claiming that their decision is being made for political reasons. You can, and indeed people do interpret the constitution differently, what you don't do is attack a judge personally because you don't like his decisions. As a president who has sworn to uphold the constitution you should forego personal attacks, even if it's for the sole reason to preserve the integrity of the judicial system, by questioning their motives you are in fact trying to destroy at least one and probably most important way to preserve the democratic system.