Individuals are responsible for their actions. it's that simple.
(My bold)
If the question is Who's responsible for the high Black crime rate within the Black community:
1. TMK, all Blacks in the US were brought here in chains, as slaves. They suffered a high mortality rate in crossing the Atlantic.
2. Upon arrival, the survivors were systematically stripped of their language, culture, any surviving relatives, families. They were then sold again.
3. The slaves were not taught to read nor write. (There were some experiments, which - from the masters' point of view, ended badly. Laws were passed forbidding teaching Blacks to read/write.)
4. During the Civil War, the North seized all slaves in the South as war booty - although freeing them, rather than continuing their slavery.
So, if individuals are responsible for their actions, the first crime that Colonials & later US citizens commited upon the Blacks was to "buy" them in Africa & transport them to the US. & then to sell them & pocket the profits. If that argument holds up, the fortunes amassed in the slave trade - mostly the shippers, in the North, the plantation families, in the South; owe the Black community, & should make some restitution.
Yah, I understand that Black slavers captured & sold the Blacks. That was reprehensible, true enough. The fact remains that without a market, the slave trade would have collapsed. Most slaves went to the Caribbean & C. & S. America - but again, that doesn't absolve the US transport & plantation families of their share of blame.
The demolition of family ties, language, culture, religion - all the normal social ties that would have bound the Black community together & given them some solidarity - was deliberate policy by the plantations.
So those are the proximate answers as to Who's responsible. I think an adequate redressing is beyond human capacity. But I would like to see an effort to identify academic talent among the children, & tutoring/mentoring, maybe scholarships based on merit/need, to help the Black community make up for lost ground. Keep that up for a couple of generations, & then we could look again.