So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

[Disir]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

 

[Dekster]

Books are so last millennium

 

[Unkotare]

This is common knowledge.

 

[Picaro]

I think most people know block printing was invented even before the Chinese; they were used to impress symbols on clay blanks and tablets in ancient times. In the West, though, his invention was indeed unique.

 

[zaangalewa]

Gutenberg started the "information age", which is still not over and hopefully never will be over. It were not only the numbers of books, which grew rapidly with his invention of the moveable letters. It were specially also the flying papers, which changed a lot. With little money nearly everyone was able to publish information which was important for him. And the lazy "establishment" was not able to get control about. Gutenberg made opinions free.

A thread here in this forum is only a further developement of the work of Gutenberg. A kind of modern "flying paper" ... better perhaps to say a "flying letter system". Still a system with moveable letters. By the way: Also a processor is a result of the "black art" - a processor is printware.

Since Gutenberg it was impossible to keep important information secret and the western world grew more and more to be the leading culture of the whole world. Also China or India or any other place in the world is not able to be successful without using the elementary rules of the "information age" which Gutenberg had started. One of this rules: All people - and not only some people - have to learn to read and to write and analphabetism is not tolerable any longer. Jobs for analphabets are rare.

Example where something went wrong in this "evolution": The regimes in the world of the Islam fought successful against the "new" print technologies and print manufactories - specially against the use of flying papers and the translations of books from foreigners - and the result was: The intellectual once leading countries of the Islam lost more and more their importance. And today we have a fight with lots of ignorants and terrorists of this world. Perhaps we should try a new form of war and bomb everyone down with education.

 

[zaangalewa]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

The Korean alphabet was made in 1443 AD. In this alphabet makes it sense to use moveable letters. 19 letters for konsonants, 21 letters for vocals + 14 signs for consonants and 10 signs for vocals. I don't know how many moveable letters this woudl be in total - but looks like the number of this letters is not to high.

Before - and the text speaks about the year 1250 AD - the only written language in Korea was Chinese. And Chinese has an unbelievable amount of different signs. A vocabulary from the year 100 AD speaks about 9,353 signs (today it are about 10 times more). The only way to make a senseful form to print all this signs with a lower number of "letters" would it be to analyze which parts of the signs exist in more variations and to print overlapping parts of this signs. Not very functional in a pre-computer world. And the other way is to use a restricted code - for example for the use in economy. "10 bales hay" for example. I don't know whether this would be really comparable.

Gutenberg had about a hundred letters. And for every of this letters a kind of prototype. When they wrote textes they took the letters from their storage location and when it were not enough letters there, then new letters were produced very fast. The same system would work for 100*100 = 10,000 signs too - but it would be difficult to use it very efficient. The signs would not be any longer in a good gripping distance. So even if it was the same - it was not the same too. The devil is in the details. As I said before - the concrete impulse, which started to change the world, came from Gutenberg. He started to make all information easy accessable for everyone, who was able to read.

 

[westwall]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

 

[zaangalewa]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

The Mongols brought not innovations to Europe - they brought death and destruction. They came fast with their little horses and shot everyone to death. Merciless barbarians without any compassion.

 

[Uncensored2008]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

Yeah, bullshit.

The Chinese invented everything, according to the Chinese.

 

[westwall]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

The Mongols brought not innovations to Europe - they brought death and destruction. They came fast with their little horses and shot everyone to death.

Only if you read biased histories. The actual fact is they brought innovations from the east that invigorated the west. I suggest you read Harold Lambs history of Genghis as a beginning.

You will be amazed how much the whole of Europe improved after the amongol invasions.

 

[zaangalewa]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

The Mongols brought not innovations to Europe - they brought death and destruction. They came fast with their little horses and shot everyone to death.

Only if you read biased histories.

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque.

The actual fact is they brought innovations from the east that invigorated the west.

I know not any innovation which came from Mongolia. What Gutenberg did had absolutely nothing to do with Mongols.

I suggest you read Harold Lambs history of Genghis as a beginning.

For sure not. Oh by the way: The Mongols today are totally other people. Very nice people. Today Mongols are Buddhists and live in respect of life.

You will be amazed how much the whole of Europe improved after the amongol invasions.

They came, murdered and disappeared.

 

[westwall]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

The Mongols brought not innovations to Europe - they brought death and destruction. They came fast with their little horses and shot everyone to death.

Only if you read biased histories.

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque.

The actual fact is they brought innovations from the east that invigorated the west.

I know not any innovation which came from Mongolia. What Gutenberg did had absolutely nothing to do with Mongols.

I suggest you read Harold Lambs history of Genghis as a beginning.

For sure not. Oh by the way: The Mongols today are totally other people. Very nice people. Today Mongols are Buddhists and live in respect of life.

You will be amazed how much the whole of Europe improved after the amongol invasions.

They came, murdered and disappeared.

Completely untrue. In point of fact after they conquered the Chinese they reduced the number of executions the Chinese were doing dramatically.

You need to read some good histories because what you think you know is wrong.

 

[Disir]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

It reminds me of the Life of Brian and People's Front of Judea

 

[zaangalewa]

If you heard one book called “universally acknowledged as the most important of all printed books,” which do you expect it would be?

If you were Margaret Leslie Davis, the answer would be obvious. Davis’s The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book’s Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, released this March, begins with just that descriptor. It recounts the saga of a single copy of the Gutenberg Bible—one of the several surviving copies of the 450-year-old Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg, the putative inventor of the printing press, in one of his earliest projects—through a 20th-century journey from auction house to collector to laboratory to archive.

Davis quotes Mark Twain, who wrote, in 1900, a letter celebrating the opening of the Gutenberg Museum. For Davis, Twain’s words were “particularly apt.” “What the world is to-day,” Twain wrote, “good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source. . . .” Indeed, Gutenberg’s innovation has long been regarded an inflection point in human history—an innovation that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, the scientific revolution, the advent of widespread education, and a thousand more changes that touch nearly everything we now know.

The only problem?

The universal acclaim is, in fact, not so universal—and Gutenberg himself is a, but not the, source of printing. Rather, key innovations in what would become revolutionary printing technology began in east Asia, with work done by Chinese nobles, Korean Buddhists, and the descendants of Genghis Khan—and, in a truth Davis acknowledges briefly, their work began several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg was even born.
So, Gutenberg Didn’t Actually Invent the Printing Press

And that's par for course.

It truly is amazing how far reaching the technical innovations the Mongols brought forth really were.

The Mongols brought not innovations to Europe - they brought death and destruction. They came fast with their little horses and shot everyone to death.

Only if you read biased histories.

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque.

The actual fact is they brought innovations from the east that invigorated the west.

I know not any innovation which came from Mongolia. What Gutenberg did had absolutely nothing to do with Mongols.

I suggest you read Harold Lambs history of Genghis as a beginning.

For sure not. Oh by the way: The Mongols today are totally other people. Very nice people. Today Mongols are Buddhists and live in respect of life.

You will be amazed how much the whole of Europe improved after the amongol invasions.

They came, murdered and disappeared.

Completely untrue.

That's what the people said, who survived.

In point of fact after they conquered the Chinese they reduced the number of executions the Chinese were doing dramatically.

Why I am not astonished about this?

You need to read some good histories because what you think you know is wrong.

I read a book about Kublai Khan - but I think this was more fantasy than reality. Whatever. If the Mongols were really the barbarians I see in them - and they are now really the peaceful people, which I see in them too, then they are without any doubt a very great nation - because in the end they wan against themselves. The greatest fighter is who wins against oneselve.

 

[whitehall]

Why split hairs? It was no secret in the 1400's to put ink on an engraved surface and transfer it to paper or some similar substance. Gutenberg used existing technology and his own innovations to build the first reliable recognizable commercial device that revolutionized the world.

 

[Unkotare]

....

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque......

Not so.

 

[zaangalewa]

....

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque......

Not so.

You would not say so, when you gave alarm because you saw the Mongols come and kill everyone who worked in the fields - as if they would had hunt animals just for fun.

By the way: I saw a not very long time ago a video where US-American soldiers murdered Muslims with a kind of steerable rocket, who spoke with each other at a kind of market. I would say US-Americans are not only murdering without any scruple - they are even proud great US-Americans by doing so, because they call the people they murder just simple "terrorists" and send soldiers over the half planet to kill this Anti-Americans. They are clothed like the Ninja armies of Darth Vader and fight in the dark night like thieves - thieves of life. And the psychology of the US-Americans is so perverted to expect to be loved from everyone for such perverted deeds, because who loves not US-Americans should be killed, because he is a terrorist. "Love me or I kill you" is this what the US-American nation made out of the word "Whoever is not with me, is against me. Whoever does not gather with me scatters". A deep tragedy.

-----
John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us. ”But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. For the one who is not against us is for us. For truly, I say to you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ will by no means lose his reward.
-----

-----

 

[Unkotare]

....

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque......

Not so.

You would not say so, when you gave alarm because you saw the Mongols come and kill everyone who worked in the fields - as if they would had hunt animals just for fun.

...
-----

The Mongol Empire grew to become the largest empire in the history of the world in large part due to their ability to subsume the various peoples and cultures into their larger structure. Those who submitted to the empire were generally allowed to retain their own cultural practices and often their own political structures.

You should study the actual history of the Mongol Empire. It’s more interesting than whatever cartoon you saw.

 

[zaangalewa]

....

Mongols were without any scruple. They murdered everyone they saw. A plaque......

Not so.

You would not say so, when you gave alarm because you saw the Mongols come and kill everyone who worked in the fields - as if they would had hunt animals just for fun.

...
-----

The Mongol Empire grew to become the largest empire in the history of the world

The Roman empire was an empire. The Chinese empire was an empire. Or the ancient Persians - or Egypts - had empires. The Mongols had conquered a part of the world during the 13th century and lost it in the 13th century. What you call "the largest empire" was a lousy thing. I hope no Trump likes to make Mongolia lousy again.

due to their ability to subsume the various peoples and cultures into their larger structure.

If someone made a crime then a Mongolian killed him so no one made a crime. That was the "larger structure".

Those who submitted to the empire were generally allowed to retain their own cultural practices and often their own political structures.

Because the Mongols did not know what are "political structures". They spoke with someone - if this someone was intelligent enough to understand them - and if he was able to do what the will of their Khan was, then this was the political structure they needed. Everything else was uninteresting for them.

You should study the actual history of the Mongol Empire.

The what history? The Mongol "empire" had existed about 800-700 years ago. Not very actual.

It’s more interesting than whatever cartoon you saw.

Cartoon? ... When I think about Donald Trump then perhaps the current US-American politics is a kind of cartoon politics. Did somewhere in the USA not flee some parlamentarians for to make a vote impossible? That's a political cartoon of people who do not respect a parlamentarian democracy. Nor do this people respect law and order of the USA. I heard one of them is even ready to shoot down every policeman, who has to like to arrest him and has to force him to do what is his duty. U-n-b-e-l-i-e-v-a-b-l-e. A parlamentarian who likes to fight with guns instead to use the law and order system of his country. On what reason are doing people such a nonsense? Because Ghengis Khan likes to overtake his country? What for heavens sake is the scale of values and important priorities for such people?

 

[Picaro]

Several differences between Gutenburg's press, based on wine presses, and the Chinese version. Gutenburg's was far better, faster, and more sophisticated. they aren't the same thing, and I doubt any Mongol ran around explaining and designing them and then taught Europeans how to either. there is no evidence the Chinese were the first to invent wood block printing, either. We do know who invented the moveable type press: Gutenburg. His invention was entirely independent of any Chinese junk, as were many European inventions. Not much evidence the Chinese invented what they keep claiming credit for, either.