Congress is currently debating whether to reauthorize the charter for the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Most of the debate has focused on whether the economic and public policy rationale still exists for the federal government to involve itself in helping private firms finance their exports. Other statutory requirements also are under review, including provisions that direct the Ex-Im bank to provide export-related loans for small businesses and green technologies.
Some lawmakers have questioned whether the Ex-Im bank (first created in 1934) should still be wading so heavily into private markets effectively picking winners and losers with its loans and loan guarantees. Defenders of the bank argue that the programs simultaneously help create domestic jobs and level the playing field with international competitors (who often receive financing and subsidies from their respective governments). Another key argument for supporters is that not only does the bank serve those ends at no cost to taxpayers, but it actually earns a
profit.
The problem with that last claim which lawmakers to date have not focused in on is that the Ex-Im banks profits are almost surely an accounting illusion. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office has
cautioned policymakers that the governments official accounting rules effectively force budget analysts to understate the cost of loan programs like those managed by the Ex-Im bank.
These rules mandated in the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) understate the cost government loan programs impose on taxpayers by excluding, or not factoring in, the cost for market risk. The current rules require that budget estimates discount expected loan performance using the interest rates on risk-free U.S. Treasury debt rather than a rate that matches the riskiness of the loan itself. That flaw makes it appear as if the government can offer far more favorable loan terms than what a purely private entity would charge without imposing a cost on taxpayers. The governments advantage disappears, however, when budget estimates account for market risk the risk that losses on the loans could be higher during a weak economy when defaults will be more frequent and costly.