1. Only the spherical shape of the cavity matters. The enclosure can be any shape, any thickness. The oven removes the temperature gradient of the enclosure. I have talked about this special case before, in terms of entropy being decreased.
If you believe that, then I am afraid that you have shown yourself to know even less about the real world than I had given you credit for. The fact is that we aren't even close to having the technology to put all of the atoms of any object into perfect equilibrium, which is what would be necessary to prevent energy flow across those temperature gradients. Your models are not real...they are not observable, they are not measurable, and most importantly they are not TESTABLE. If you believe they are then not only are you easily fooled by instrumentation, but by terribly flawed experimental setups as well.
2. I don't understand your question. You haven't specified what inside or what outside. The oven is doing work to keep the enclosure at a specific temperature. Is this what you mean by 'insulation'?
Of course you don't ian...you are willing to accept any experimental set up no matter how flawed if the result, no matter how twisted, or ambiguous allows you to make up a story about it that suits your needs.
3. The carbon coating is as uniform as the technology can make it. Are you arguing that emmisivity of .999 is not the perfect 1.0 of a blackbody?
I asked if it were perfect..the answer is no. The whole point is that the set up of the experiment is not perfect, therefore it does not demonstrate what you want it to demonstrate. All it shows is that energy flows from the warmer inside to the cooler outside.
4. Yes, the enclosure has been heated to a uniform temperature, therefore the surface of the cavity is also at a uniform temperature. Or are you arguing about the natural variation of kinetic speed between molecules of any substance? Temperature is defined as average speed, no substance has perfectly even motion of all its constituents. This is where you have denied the atomic world in the past. Are you now changing your tune?
Here is a question for you ian...perhaps it will get you to actually use your brain. Is "uniform temperature" the same as thermal equilibrium down to the atomic level? Because this experiment claims to demonstrate something happening at the atomic level. A simple yes or no will do...then you might expound on how the experimenters determined that all the atoms in the sphere were at perfect atomic equilibrium if you are stupid enough to claim that the sphere was actually in that state.
To sum up...the enclosure containing the cavity is heated up by the oven to a uniform temperature. The cavity surface is emitting and absorbing perfectly equal amounts of radiation. The amount of radiation released by the aperture is insignificant (<<<) to the amount present.
Perfectly? Really ian? Are you really that uninformed?
You appear by your questions to be trying to weaslel out a reason for some radiation to be present but not the full amount defined by j=aT^4.
I am not weaseling out of anything..I am trying to point out how blind to reality your belief in models has made you. It apparently never even occurred to you to question the experiment or its set up or if it was even capable of demonstrating what you believe it demonstrates.
So, answer the question. Is there radiation present before the aperture opens? Or is the cavity just in limbo, with molecular collisions somehow forbidden, or at least the radiation created by the collisions impaired by some unknown mechanism that you found in your insane version of physics?
Yes ian, radiation is present because all of the atoms in the sphere are not heated to a state of perfect thermal equilibrium...and energy is moving across those temperature gradients, no matter how small they are. So long as you have atoms that are not in PERFECT thermal equilibrium, you have energy movement. One way gross energy movement..but energy movement none the less.