Over 40 percent of the national debt is held not by private citizens but by government agencies at various
levels. Of the $934 billion national debt outstanding at the beginning of this year, U.S. government
agencies and trust funds held $190 billion, the Federal Reserve held $117 billion and state and local
governments held $73 billion. That portion in the hands of U.S. government agencies and trust funds is
money the government owes to itself, and repudiating it would merely eliminate an accounting fiction.
Repudiating that portion owed to states and local governments, while affecting the solvency of those
governments, and perhaps forcing them to repudiate as well, will not have a direct impact on the welfare
of private citizens.
Repudiating those government securities owned by the Federal Reserve System would have the added
advantage of exposing the true source of inflation. Many conservatives charge that the national debt is
inflationary. Strictly speaking, this charge is false. If the government borrows from the public, purchasing
power is merely transferred from the public to government. When the government borrows from the
Federal Reserve System, in contrast, the Federal Reserve creates new money to cover the loan. This
process is called monetizing the debt. What seems on the surface to be a simple loan transaction is, in
reality, an act of governmental monetary expansion. In this respect, and in this respect alone, the national
debt is inflationary.
http://www.jrhummel.com/articles/Government_Debt_Repudiation.pdf