To add to your enlightenment:
General Heinz Guderian, was a very famous tank general in WWII, proclaimed inventor of the Blitzkrieg (Lightning War), the german tactics of combined use of air force, infantry, tanks and artillery.
Actually he wrote a small book "Achtung Panzer !" (Attention tanks" )which advocated the use of massed tanks buildt up on one Schwerpunkt (point of weight) at the front and punch through it, while using close air support and armored and motorized infantry to follow. This use of combined arms made the early successes in WWII possible.
Although he had several rows with Hitler about how to lead the war, he never joined the opposition. He was never accused of any war crimes and especially the British often invited him to discuss former battles.
He can be seen as one example of the professional soldier who served personally honorable, but in service to an inhumane government.
Oberst Claus Graf Schenck von Stauffenberg, a suebian aristocrat who had a flawless career as a professional soldier.
Lost three fingers of his right hand and one eye in battle.
At the 20. July 1944 he made the attempt to kill Hitler with a bomb in his Headquarters in East Prussia.
After the explosion he flew to Berlin and unsuccessfully tried to initiate a coup d´etat with the "Operation Walküre (Operation Valkyrie)". For details watch Valkyrie with Tom Cruise, it is pretty accurate.
When it was clear that Hitler survived the blast, the coup failed. Stauffenberg and his fellow officers were shot in the inner courtyard of the Bendlerblock.
His last words were "Long live sacred Germany".
One of the initiator of this coup, General-Major Henning von Tresckow, blew himself up with a tank mine. Other received a show trial and were hanged with piano-wires.
Their death was filmed and shown to Hitler, later on it was shown to cadets as a warning.
The place he and his followers were shot at is a memorial today. The inscription says:
"You bear no shame. You have resisted".
Stauffenberg was, so to say, the other extreme of Guderian.
On one side the brilliant soldier, serving his state without bearing any personal guilt. Still his government had let him fight an immoral war.
The other extreme the aristocrat with a long familiy history in military service.
He decided, that it was impossible for him to fulfil his oath and therefore made an attempt to save his country and millions of future victims from death.
By doing so he needed a different kind of bravery than is needed on a battlefield.
Not only following his own conscience, but also risking the very life of his wife and four children. But he was determined to do what he considered was right and just.
To compare these men with the mentioned british deserter will lead a little bit too far.
Being a deserter today will not bring you in front of a firing squad.
Still, the question remains: How far any government can go and can any soldier decide for himself, that his government is doing wrong ?
Is the refusal to participate in a war, even for the professional soldier, mutiny or can he claim, that his conscience commands him to refuse an order ?
I personally can only cite two prussian soldiers:
I have chosen disgrace, when obedience brought no honor (inscription on the tomb of Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz, who disobeyed an order to plunder)
Next one is from Henning von Tresckow, one of Stauffenberg´s co-conspirateurs:
The idea of freedom can never be disassociated from real Prussia. The real Prussian spirit means a synthesis between restraint and freedom, between voluntary subordination and conscientious leadership, between pride in oneself and consideration for others, between rigor and compassion. Unless a balance is kept between these qualities, the Prussian spirit is in danger of degenerating into soulless routine and narrow-minded dogmatism.
regards
ze germanguy