This is a 1v1 match between Donald H and myself. It's not a free for all. Unless you are Donald H please don't add your comments to this thread.
As I predicted in another thread, Donald H believes that mainstream science doesn't suggest that the universe popped into existence from nothing.
I will be arguing that the belief of mainstream science is that the universe began ~14 billion years ago being created from nothing.
Atheists are uncomfortable with the idea of a cosmic beginning. The Big Bang theory came out of the work of the Russian mathematician Alexander Friedmann and the Belgian physicist (and Catholic priest) George Lemaître in the 1920s. And clear evidence that galaxies are flying apart as from some vast primordial explosion was announced in 1929.
Some people have a problem accepting the universe was created from nothing because they believe it violates the First Law of Thermodynamics; energy cannot be created or destroyed. Red shift, cosmic background radiation, Friedmann's solutions to Einstein's field equations, quantum mechanics and the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that space and time did have a beginning. If the universe is expanding then it must have a beginning. If you follow it backwards in time, then any object must come to a boundary of space time. You cannot continue that history indefinitely. This is still true even if a universe has periods of contraction. It still has to have a beginning if expansion over weights the contraction.
The First Law of Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics tells us that it is possible for matter to have a beginning. In a closed universe the gravitational energy which is always negative exactly compensates the positive energy of matter. So the energy of a closed universe is always zero. So nothing prevents this universe from being spontaneously created. Because the net energy is always zero. The positive energy of matter is balanced by the negative energy of the gravity of that matter which is the space time curvature of that matter. There is no conservation law that prevents the formation of such a universe. In quantum mechanics if something is not forbidden by conservation laws, then it necessarily happens with some non-zero probability. So a closed universe can spontaneously appear - through the laws of quantum mechanics - out of nothing. And in fact there is an elegant mathematical description which describes this process and shows that a tiny closed universe having very high energy can spontaneously pop into existence and immediately start to expand and cool. In this description, the same laws that describe the evolution of the universe also describe the appearance of the universe which means that the laws were in place before the universe itself.
www.space.com
So Donald H, make your case that mainstream science doesn't suggest that the universe popped into existence from nothing.
Or you can run away - which is what I expect you will do.
As I predicted in another thread, Donald H believes that mainstream science doesn't suggest that the universe popped into existence from nothing.
I will be arguing that the belief of mainstream science is that the universe began ~14 billion years ago being created from nothing.
Atheists are uncomfortable with the idea of a cosmic beginning. The Big Bang theory came out of the work of the Russian mathematician Alexander Friedmann and the Belgian physicist (and Catholic priest) George Lemaître in the 1920s. And clear evidence that galaxies are flying apart as from some vast primordial explosion was announced in 1929.
Some people have a problem accepting the universe was created from nothing because they believe it violates the First Law of Thermodynamics; energy cannot be created or destroyed. Red shift, cosmic background radiation, Friedmann's solutions to Einstein's field equations, quantum mechanics and the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that space and time did have a beginning. If the universe is expanding then it must have a beginning. If you follow it backwards in time, then any object must come to a boundary of space time. You cannot continue that history indefinitely. This is still true even if a universe has periods of contraction. It still has to have a beginning if expansion over weights the contraction.
The First Law of Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics tells us that it is possible for matter to have a beginning. In a closed universe the gravitational energy which is always negative exactly compensates the positive energy of matter. So the energy of a closed universe is always zero. So nothing prevents this universe from being spontaneously created. Because the net energy is always zero. The positive energy of matter is balanced by the negative energy of the gravity of that matter which is the space time curvature of that matter. There is no conservation law that prevents the formation of such a universe. In quantum mechanics if something is not forbidden by conservation laws, then it necessarily happens with some non-zero probability. So a closed universe can spontaneously appear - through the laws of quantum mechanics - out of nothing. And in fact there is an elegant mathematical description which describes this process and shows that a tiny closed universe having very high energy can spontaneously pop into existence and immediately start to expand and cool. In this description, the same laws that describe the evolution of the universe also describe the appearance of the universe which means that the laws were in place before the universe itself.

What is the cosmic microwave background?
The cosmic microwave background can help scientists piece together the history of the universe.
So Donald H, make your case that mainstream science doesn't suggest that the universe popped into existence from nothing.
Or you can run away - which is what I expect you will do.