onedomino
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An amazing technological achievement; NASA penetrates Titan's cloud cover with orbital imaging radar: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
Black Cat on Titan
- Thread starter onedomino
- Start date
NATO AIR
Senior Member
i love this kind of stuff
Zhukov
VIP Member
Just try to fathom that ingenious piece of equipment hovering in silent space, busily clicking away, millions of miles out there, with gigantic Saturn just hanging over it's shoulder....
The very idea is almost too awesome to comprehend.
Some day people will live on that moon, Titan.
The very idea is almost too awesome to comprehend.
Some day people will live on that moon, Titan.
onedomino
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- Sep 14, 2004
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Radar Images Suggest a Saturn Moon's Landscape Contains Basins of Ice
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/29/science/space/29titan.html
PASADENA, Calif., Oct. 28 - The Cassini spacecraft's first radar images of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, have revealed a diverse frozen landscape of bright streaks that may be ice ridges or wind-driven deposits, and dark regions that are probably smooth basins filled with dirty ice - or, in some places, lakes of exotic liquid, perhaps methane.
If they did not dispel the mystery of Titan, the black-and-white radar images gave scientists tantalizing clues to challenge or revise some hypotheses about the nature of the Titanian surface, long hidden beneath a dense atmosphere. It is the only moon in the solar system with a substantial atmosphere and evidence of a complex organic, or carbon-based, chemistry that could yield insights into processes that led to life on the early Earth.
In its encounter with Titan on Tuesday, the Cassini spacecraft penetrated the opaque atmosphere with cameras, infrared sensors and a radar system designed to map hidden landscapes. The first processed radar images were made public Thursday by scientists here at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They appeared to show more features than could be seen in the regular photographs, released soon after the flyby.
At a news conference, Dr. Charles Elachi, director of the laboratory, who is also leader of the radar investigation, said the radar survey covered a strip 75 miles wide and 1,200 miles long, about 1 percent of the planet-size moon's surface. Bright regions in the images represented rough terrain, and darker areas were interpreted as smooth, flat surfaces.
Dr. Elachi noted a 150-mile-wide dark region that looked (as a researcher's daughter put it) like a Halloween cat (see link above). The region, he said, was probably a smooth basin with icy surfaces and possibly lakes of liquids.
On Wednesday, scientists examining conventional photographs and other data said they saw no evidence of bodies of liquids on Titan. Some members of the radar imaging team said they thought it more likely that the smooth surfaces were expanses of dirty ice, frozen water mixed with tarlike hydrocarbons related to methane.
Dr. Ralph Lorenz of the University of Arizona reported that measurements of Titan's surface heat "were consistent with a surface covered in organic material" and that the dark regions were richer in organics than the brighter areas.
Even though Titan's mass is estimated to be half water and half rock, any lake would not be liquid water. It would be frozen solid on a surface with temperatures as low as minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit.
Any liquid is more likely to be a hydrocarbon like methane. Titan's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen, with a significant amount of methane.
Dr. Elachi said the Halloween cat in the radar image looked "similar to a lake on Earth, except you can't drink the liquid." Dr. Jonathan Lunine, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona, noted, "How much of the surface is liquid and how much solid is still unclear."
The landscape surveyed in the close approach was definitely flat, scientists said, with variations in elevation of little more than 150 feet. No craters were detected, though such a large moon would have been struck by asteroids many times. Scientists suggested that the craters might have been filled with glacial movements of water ice and a steady rain of hydrocarbons from the sky.
"Titan is really covered in organics," Dr. Lorenz said.
Nor were any mountains or deep valleys detected by the radar. But it revealed many surface streaks, particularly in the equatorial region. Scientists said these could be ridges of ice or deposits of windblown material. Similar streaks were seen in conventional photographs taken by the Cassini craft.
Other measurements indicated that on Titan the average winds blow at speeds comparable to those on Earth. Dr. Alfred McEwen, another Arizona scientist and a member of the imaging team, said the winds appeared to be the primary cause of most of the observed streakiness. Winds may be moving solid material around, possibly even moving liquids around, Dr. McEwen said.
In other radar images, scientists found many signs of fractures in the frozen surface, in places giving the appearance of a cracked eggshell. It is one more of the puzzles that confront Cassini scientists now that the spacecraft, which reached an orbit of Saturn on June 30, has completed the first close-up reconnaissance of Titan.
Before that, Dr. Lunine said, more distant observations showed that methane was chemically active in Titan's atmosphere and that it was probably recombining to make more complex organic molecules.
But for all scientists knew, Titan's surface was geologically dead. Now, Dr. Lunine said, scientists "can see that Titan is an extremely dynamic place not only in its atmosphere but on the surface itself."
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/29/science/space/29titan.html
PASADENA, Calif., Oct. 28 - The Cassini spacecraft's first radar images of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, have revealed a diverse frozen landscape of bright streaks that may be ice ridges or wind-driven deposits, and dark regions that are probably smooth basins filled with dirty ice - or, in some places, lakes of exotic liquid, perhaps methane.
If they did not dispel the mystery of Titan, the black-and-white radar images gave scientists tantalizing clues to challenge or revise some hypotheses about the nature of the Titanian surface, long hidden beneath a dense atmosphere. It is the only moon in the solar system with a substantial atmosphere and evidence of a complex organic, or carbon-based, chemistry that could yield insights into processes that led to life on the early Earth.
In its encounter with Titan on Tuesday, the Cassini spacecraft penetrated the opaque atmosphere with cameras, infrared sensors and a radar system designed to map hidden landscapes. The first processed radar images were made public Thursday by scientists here at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They appeared to show more features than could be seen in the regular photographs, released soon after the flyby.
At a news conference, Dr. Charles Elachi, director of the laboratory, who is also leader of the radar investigation, said the radar survey covered a strip 75 miles wide and 1,200 miles long, about 1 percent of the planet-size moon's surface. Bright regions in the images represented rough terrain, and darker areas were interpreted as smooth, flat surfaces.
Dr. Elachi noted a 150-mile-wide dark region that looked (as a researcher's daughter put it) like a Halloween cat (see link above). The region, he said, was probably a smooth basin with icy surfaces and possibly lakes of liquids.
On Wednesday, scientists examining conventional photographs and other data said they saw no evidence of bodies of liquids on Titan. Some members of the radar imaging team said they thought it more likely that the smooth surfaces were expanses of dirty ice, frozen water mixed with tarlike hydrocarbons related to methane.
Dr. Ralph Lorenz of the University of Arizona reported that measurements of Titan's surface heat "were consistent with a surface covered in organic material" and that the dark regions were richer in organics than the brighter areas.
Even though Titan's mass is estimated to be half water and half rock, any lake would not be liquid water. It would be frozen solid on a surface with temperatures as low as minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit.
Any liquid is more likely to be a hydrocarbon like methane. Titan's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen, with a significant amount of methane.
Dr. Elachi said the Halloween cat in the radar image looked "similar to a lake on Earth, except you can't drink the liquid." Dr. Jonathan Lunine, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona, noted, "How much of the surface is liquid and how much solid is still unclear."
The landscape surveyed in the close approach was definitely flat, scientists said, with variations in elevation of little more than 150 feet. No craters were detected, though such a large moon would have been struck by asteroids many times. Scientists suggested that the craters might have been filled with glacial movements of water ice and a steady rain of hydrocarbons from the sky.
"Titan is really covered in organics," Dr. Lorenz said.
Nor were any mountains or deep valleys detected by the radar. But it revealed many surface streaks, particularly in the equatorial region. Scientists said these could be ridges of ice or deposits of windblown material. Similar streaks were seen in conventional photographs taken by the Cassini craft.
Other measurements indicated that on Titan the average winds blow at speeds comparable to those on Earth. Dr. Alfred McEwen, another Arizona scientist and a member of the imaging team, said the winds appeared to be the primary cause of most of the observed streakiness. Winds may be moving solid material around, possibly even moving liquids around, Dr. McEwen said.
In other radar images, scientists found many signs of fractures in the frozen surface, in places giving the appearance of a cracked eggshell. It is one more of the puzzles that confront Cassini scientists now that the spacecraft, which reached an orbit of Saturn on June 30, has completed the first close-up reconnaissance of Titan.
Before that, Dr. Lunine said, more distant observations showed that methane was chemically active in Titan's atmosphere and that it was probably recombining to make more complex organic molecules.
But for all scientists knew, Titan's surface was geologically dead. Now, Dr. Lunine said, scientists "can see that Titan is an extremely dynamic place not only in its atmosphere but on the surface itself."
Zhukov
VIP Member
onedomino said:Titan is beautiful.
Wow. That is a thick atmosphere....
Stats just don't do that justice. That most be two to three times as thick as our atmosphere relative to their sizes.
If the tidal forces associated with it's orbit produce enough internal heat I wouldn't doubt we will one day find life there.
Hobbit
Senior Member
Dude, check out Mimas, a moon of Saturn.
It's the Death Star!!!
It's the Death Star!!!
Zhukov
VIP Member
Shhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!!
Come on, who's side are you on?
Come on, who's side are you on?
onedomino
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- Sep 14, 2004
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- Thread starter
- #11
Saturn's Moon Titan May Offer Huge Clues to Earth's Evolution
By Kimm Groshong
http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/Stories/0,1413,206~22097~2503319,00.html#
Saturday, October 30, 2004 - LA CANADA FLINTRIDGE -- With a whole universe to explore and dozens of potential targets in the solar system to examine in closer detail, spending $3.3 billion on an 11-year mission with a primary goal of learning more about a moon orbiting Saturn may at first seem peculiar.
But hundreds of scientists from the United States and 17 European nations did not arbitrarily arrive at Titan, the largest of Saturn's 33 known moons, as a target for the Cassini-Huygens mission.
They hope to use Titan as a cosmic time machine of sorts capable of shedding some light on what the Earth was like before life began.
Scientists have long known the icy globe to be the only moon in the solar system with a thick atmosphere comparable to Earth's own. And Titan's smog- like atmosphere is the only anywhere in the solar system that is rich in nitrogen, like Earth's, with organic, or carbon-based, molecules such as methane in its mix.
Methane is the simplest organic molecule scientists see in comets and other parts of the cosmos. Its constituents, carbon and hydrogen, are necessary building blocks for life as we know it.
"You need water and you need organic material and sufficient time and exactly the right circumstances,' said Denis Bogan, the Cassini program scientists from NASA headquarters. "Titan is fascinating in that it has these things.'
But its distance from the sun, currently more than 900 million miles, and resultant low surface temperatures, commonly a frigid minus-290 degrees, make the prospect of life there today highly unlikely.
"One would think that if you were to move Titan in to the distance from the sun that Earth occupies, for a billion years or so, you very well might have primitive life emerge,' Bogan said.
But Titan's low temperatures provide a unique opportunity for scientists. When sunlight warms an object, its material processes and evolves at a faster rate. Therefore, scientists believe Titan affords the opportunity to study a more primitive atmosphere, preserved in a state more closely resembling the early Earth's.
And since two of NASA's main objectives are to search for traces of life elsewhere in the universe and to attempt to understand how Earth evolved to its present state, Titan is a potential scientific treasure-trove waiting behind the shroud of its hazy atmosphere.
With its array of 12 scientific instruments, Cassini has the ability to pierce through that atmosphere and gaze upon the jewels Titan has to offer.
And scientists hope to get an up-close-and-personal view of the treasures when the European Space Agency's Huygens probe detaches from the Cassini orbiter on Christmas Eve, collecting data as it falls through Titan's atmosphere and taking a look around once it lands on the surface on Jan. 14.
"We're going to get a much bigger picture than what we have right now,' said Laurence Soderblom, a geophysicist from the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Ariz., during a teleconference arranged by JPL following Cassini's Tuesday night flyby of Titan. "This bizarre world may be far more complex than we've even begun to imagine.'
The orbiter has 44 additional planned passes of the moon on its schedule for the next four years. The spacecraft will make its next close flyby on Dec. 13.
JPL manages the Cassini orbiter for NASA.
By Kimm Groshong
http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/Stories/0,1413,206~22097~2503319,00.html#
Saturday, October 30, 2004 - LA CANADA FLINTRIDGE -- With a whole universe to explore and dozens of potential targets in the solar system to examine in closer detail, spending $3.3 billion on an 11-year mission with a primary goal of learning more about a moon orbiting Saturn may at first seem peculiar.
But hundreds of scientists from the United States and 17 European nations did not arbitrarily arrive at Titan, the largest of Saturn's 33 known moons, as a target for the Cassini-Huygens mission.
They hope to use Titan as a cosmic time machine of sorts capable of shedding some light on what the Earth was like before life began.
Scientists have long known the icy globe to be the only moon in the solar system with a thick atmosphere comparable to Earth's own. And Titan's smog- like atmosphere is the only anywhere in the solar system that is rich in nitrogen, like Earth's, with organic, or carbon-based, molecules such as methane in its mix.
Methane is the simplest organic molecule scientists see in comets and other parts of the cosmos. Its constituents, carbon and hydrogen, are necessary building blocks for life as we know it.
"You need water and you need organic material and sufficient time and exactly the right circumstances,' said Denis Bogan, the Cassini program scientists from NASA headquarters. "Titan is fascinating in that it has these things.'
But its distance from the sun, currently more than 900 million miles, and resultant low surface temperatures, commonly a frigid minus-290 degrees, make the prospect of life there today highly unlikely.
"One would think that if you were to move Titan in to the distance from the sun that Earth occupies, for a billion years or so, you very well might have primitive life emerge,' Bogan said.
But Titan's low temperatures provide a unique opportunity for scientists. When sunlight warms an object, its material processes and evolves at a faster rate. Therefore, scientists believe Titan affords the opportunity to study a more primitive atmosphere, preserved in a state more closely resembling the early Earth's.
And since two of NASA's main objectives are to search for traces of life elsewhere in the universe and to attempt to understand how Earth evolved to its present state, Titan is a potential scientific treasure-trove waiting behind the shroud of its hazy atmosphere.
With its array of 12 scientific instruments, Cassini has the ability to pierce through that atmosphere and gaze upon the jewels Titan has to offer.
And scientists hope to get an up-close-and-personal view of the treasures when the European Space Agency's Huygens probe detaches from the Cassini orbiter on Christmas Eve, collecting data as it falls through Titan's atmosphere and taking a look around once it lands on the surface on Jan. 14.
"We're going to get a much bigger picture than what we have right now,' said Laurence Soderblom, a geophysicist from the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Ariz., during a teleconference arranged by JPL following Cassini's Tuesday night flyby of Titan. "This bizarre world may be far more complex than we've even begun to imagine.'
The orbiter has 44 additional planned passes of the moon on its schedule for the next four years. The spacecraft will make its next close flyby on Dec. 13.
JPL manages the Cassini orbiter for NASA.
Mr. P
VIP Member
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