Watching and listening with interest here.
Are you sure that states cannot set the terms by which people qualify to be on the ballot in their individual states? And if that can include the number of qualified signatures on a petition to qualify somebody, why couldn't it include other things without challenge? All the Constitution specifies is that the President be 35 years of age, born in America, and not have been convicted of certain crimes.
I claim no expertise or experience with this topic.
I am simply asking.
That's a really good question.
With a few exceptions for issues covered in Federal law or the Constitution, anything strictly related to the election is a State issue. So that includes how many signatures are required, filing fees and deadlines, the type of ballot or machine used to vote, and so on.
The probelm is, this bill touches on an issue covered in the Constitution. That's the Full Faith and Credit Clause of Article 4:
US Constitution Article IV Section 1 said:
Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
Article IV | LII / Legal Information Institute
So birth certificates being a public record of the state, they fall under this provision. Of course since this is a Constitutional requirement specifically directed at the States, the States have to follow it as it applies to accepting the birth certificate - and it is up to Congress to define the acceptable forms and effect of those records. Not the State. So the clause applies to the record, the birth certificate itself, not the election.
It's a fine distinction, but important if you're talking about the difference between requiring a standard short form or COLB, which is acceptable for all Federal purposes as proof of place of birth, or if you want to up the ante and require something more than Congress requires, which would be the so-called long form. AZ or HI or any state doesn't get to decide what to accept as far as a public record from another state or what its effect is, only Congress can under the Constitution. So if Congress says a COLB from any state is effective to prove citizenship, it's effective to prove citizenship no matter what AZ or any other State says. They have to accept it.
Hope that makes more sense?