A list of international terrorist organizations considered by the U.S. State Department to be active during the last five years.
AFGHANISTAN
NAME: al Qaeda
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: Established by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s.
GOALS: Establish a pan-Islamic Caliphate throughout the world by working with allied Islamic extremist groups to overthrow regimes it deems "non-Islamic," and expelling Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: Is suspected of involvement in the October 2000 bombing of the USS Cole in Aden, Yemen. Conducted the bombings in August 1998 of the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that killed at least 301 persons and injured more than 5,000 others. Claims to have shot down U.S. helicopters and killed U.S. servicemen in Somalia in 1993, and to have conducted three bombings that targeted U.S. troops in Aden, Yemen, in December 1992.
STRENGTH: May have several hundred to several thousand members.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Al Qaeda has a worldwide reach with cells in a number of countries, and benefits from its ties to Sunni extremist networks. Bin Laden and his top associates reside in Afghanistan, and the group maintains terrorist training camps there.
AFFILIATIONS: Serves as the umbrella organization for a worldwide network that includes many Sunni Islamic extremist groups, such as Egyptian Islamic Jihad, some members of al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Harakat ul-Mujahidin.
COMMENTS: Bin Laden is the son of a wealthy Saudi family, and uses his inheritance to finance the group. Al Qaeda also operates moneymaking front organizations, solicits donations, and illicitly siphons funds from donations to Muslim charitable organizations.
ALGERIA
NAME: Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1992.
GOALS: GIA aims to overthrow the secular Algerian regime and replace it with an Islamic state.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: None.
STRENGTH: Unknown, probably several hundred to several thousand.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Algeria.
AFFILIATIONS: Algerian expatriates and members of the Salafi Group for Call and Combat (GSPC) splinter group abroad, many of whom reside in Western Europe, provide financial and logistic support. In addition, the Algerian government has accused Iran and Sudan of supporting Algerian extremists.
COMMENTS: The GSPC splinter faction appears to have eclipsed the GIA since approximately 1998 and is currently assessed to be the most effective remaining armed group inside Algeria. A U.S. Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) listed as "active" during 2000.
NAME: The Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1996.
GOALS: Overthrow the Algerian government and impose fundamentalist Islamic theocracy.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: Unknown.
STRENGTH: Unknown; suspected to be several hundred to several thousand.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Algeria.
AFFILIATIONS: Algerian expatriates and GSPC members living abroad. The Algerian government has accused Iran and Sudan of supporting Algerian extremists. The GSPC may also receive support from the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) network in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Some GSPC members in Europe are suspected of having ties with other North African extremists sympathetic to al Qaeda.
COMMENTS: GSPC is a splinter group of the GIA, and has gained popular support through its pledge not to attack civilians inside Algeria (although it has not kept the pledge). It was designated a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) on March 27, 2002.
CAMBODIA
NAME: Khmer Rouge/The Party of Democratic Kampuchea
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1970s
GOALS: Overthrow the Cambodian government.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: None
STRENGTH: Fewer than 500, possibly no more than 100.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Outlying provinces in Cambodia, particularly in the northwest along the border with Thailand.
AFFILIATIONS: None.
COMMENTS: The group was a Communist insurgency that conducted a campaign of genocide, killing more than 1 million in the late 1970s. Disintegrated due to defections in the late 1990s.
CHILE
NAME: Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1983.
GOALS: Carry out missions of the Chilean Communist Party as its armed wing.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: Attacks civilians and international targets, including U.S. businesses and Mormon churches. Bombed two restaurants in the U.S. in 1993.
STRENGTH: 50 to 100.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Chile, United States.
AFFILIATIONS: None.
COLOMBIA
NAME: National Liberation Army (ELN)—Colombia
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1965.
GOALS: Replacing the current government with a Marxist regime.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: Conducted a campaign of mass kidnappings during the late 1990s, each of which involved at least one U.S. citizen.
STRENGTH: Approximately 3,000 to 6,000 armed combatants and an unknown number of active supporters.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Rural and mountainous areas of north, northeast, and southwest Colombia and Venezuela border regions.
AFFILIATIONS: Cuba provides some medical care and political consultation.
COMMENTS: Marxist insurgent group formed by urban intellectuals inspired by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. A Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) listed as "active" during 2000.
NAME: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1964.
GOALS: Replacing the current government with a Marxist regime.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: In March 1999, the FARC executed three U.S. Indian rights activists in Venezuela after it kidnapped them in Colombia.
STRENGTH: Approximately 9,000 to 12,000 armed combatants and an unknown number of supporters, mostly in rural areas.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Colombia with some activities — extortion, kidnapping, logistics — in Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador.
AFFILIATIONS: Cuba provides some medical care and political consultation.
COMMENTS: Established as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. FARC continues peace negotiations with the Pastrana administration, which has granted the group several concessions, including a demilitarized zone used as a venue for negotiations. A Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) listed as "active" during 2000.
NAME: United Self-Defense Forces/Group of Colombia (AUC-Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: 1997.
GOALS: Claims its primary objective is to protect its sponsors from insurgents.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: The paramilitaries have not taken action against U.S. personnel.
STRENGTH: In early 2001, the government estimated there were 8,000 paramilitary fighters, including former military and insurgent personnel.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: AUC forces are strongest in the north and northwest: Antioquia, Cordoba, Sucre, Bolivar, Atlantico, and Magdalena Departments of Colombia.
AFFILIATIONS: None outside Colombia. The AUC is supported by economic elites, drug traffickers, and local communities lacking effective government security.
COMMENTS: The AUC — commonly referred to as autodefensas or paramilitaries — is an umbrella organization formed in April 1997 to consolidate most local and regional paramilitary groups each with the mission to protect economic interests and combat insurgents locally. Listed as "active" during 2000, it was designated a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) on October 5, 2001.
EGYPT
NAME: Al-Jihad a.k.a. Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group, Islamic Jihad
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: Late 1970s.
GOALS: Overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state; attack U.S. and Israeli interests in Egypt and abroad.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: Car-bombing against official U.S. facilities.
STRENGTH: Unknown, suspected to be several hundred.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Mainly Cairo, but has a network outside Egypt, including Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom.
AFFILIATIONS: Close partner of Osama Bin Laden's al Qaeda; Iran. May get some funds via various Islamic non-governmental organizations, cover businesses, and criminal acts.
COMMENTS: The original Jihad was responsible for the 1981 assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat.
NAME: Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG)
DATE STARTED/FIRST ACTIVE: Late 1970s.
GOALS: The IG's primary goal is to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state, but certain group leaders also may be interested in attacking U.S. and Israeli interests.
MAIN ANTI-U.S. ACTIVITIES TO DATE: The IG has never specifically attacked a U.S. citizen or facility but has threatened U.S. interests.
STRENGTH: Unknown. At its peak, the IG probably commanded several thousand hard-core members and a like number of sympathizers. The 1998 cease-fire and security crackdowns following the attack on tourists in Luxor in 1997 probably have resulted in a substantial decrease in the group's numbers.
OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS: Operates mainly in the Al-Minya, Asyu't, Qina, and Sohaj Governorates of southern Egypt. Also appears to have support in Cairo, Alexandria, and other urban locations, particularly among unemployed graduates and students. Has a worldwide presence, including Sudan, the United Kingdom, Afghanistan, Austria, and Yemen.
AFFILIATIONS: Unknown. The Egyptian government believes that Iran, bin Laden, and Afghan militant groups support the organization. Also may obtain some funding through various Islamic non-governmental organizations.
COMMENTS: Al-Gama'a claims responsibility for the attempt in June 1995 to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The group's spiritual leader, Shaykh Umar Abd al-Rahman, is incarcerated in the United States. A Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) listed as "active" during 2000.
Terrorism - Terrorist Organizations