Judea in reference to the Judiac ( jewish ) people and remained with that meaning for nearly 2000 years.
Judea was a geographical area of highlands where "Judeans" came from, as did Judean monotheistic religious cults over time. One such cult achieved dominance in Jerusalem and we have a temple cult, that came to be called Judaism in modern times. The people took their "name" from the region, as did the religion. Judeans that survived the various conquests, and exterminations and who didn't emigrate elsewhere, eventually converted to Islam and adopted Arab culture; those who did, emigrate adopted the languages and cultures where they settled. The religion called Judaism competed with Christianity and Islam for converts but Christianity and Islam won out leaving a few pockets of die-hard believers scattered throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. Around the 12th century people got bored with calling these religious nuts jobs, Judeans, so called them "Jews" as a perjorative, regardless of their origins.
And rat boy squeaks up with his "temple cult" that if it was in existence there would be thousands of temples all over the area. Guess he was wrong again as there was only the one Temple