below text comes from my bigger work New horizons in physics
Electrons, quarks and gluons possess internal structure, consist of quadrillion of particles of size about 10^-35 m [they correspond with photons], these then from quadrillion of particles about 10^-50 m [they correspond with gravitons]. To confirm legitimacy of assuming of hypothesis of internal structure of smallest from hitherto known structural subatomic particles as electrons, quarks and gluons it can be invoked the theory of science created by A.Comte (see after text Comte's Theory of Science).
diagram 1. Galatical model
Every following field uses in a large extent from previous, sociology from biology - theory of evolution, biology from chemistry - an example biochemistry, chemistry from physics - even if structure of atom and periodic table, physics from astronomy. Invoking astronomy it can be in physics reach eg. conception of existence of atoms and their internal structure - stars, planets, planetary system. It can be also reach models applied in conception of subquark particles and QG. It is galactical, and cosmical model. Mystery of dark matter can be explained in this way that preonical particles possess mass (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2014).
A more careful analysis of the galactical model leads to the conclusion that there are more types of particles of the right type. Types of stars, by supergiants, giants, dwarfs, all the way to the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy would correspond to the types of these particles. Cosmical model analysis leads to similar conclusions, where the types of particles would correspond to the appropriate types of galaxies.
In addition, it can be assumed that there are types of photon-like particles and corresponding waves with significantly higher speeds than the speed of light. So there are non-electromagnetic waves far above the speed of light (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2019).
Particles much faster than photons are related to the cosmical model and sizes in the order of 10^-50 m. One can imagine building devices equipped with antennas for superelectromagnetic communication. The speed of such communication would be enormous, for example, communication with a base on Pluto could take less than a second.
Main particle from the galactical model will correspond to a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. Perhaps quarks are made of such particles. One can also consider the hypothesis that these particles are micro black holes that have ended their lives as particles, by evaporating. These evaporating micro black holes can produce all the particles from the galactical model (compare stars in the galaxy). The only issue is that these particles can also be building blocks of, for example, quarks.
The bonds of particles from the galactic model and higher models are probably - like quark-gluon bonds - indecomposable. All particles from the galactical model are somehow related to the main particle of the model, which is related to the rotation of the galaxy where the center is a supermassive black hole (black star). There are three types of galaxies, spiral, elliptical and irregular, just as there are three kinds of particles, electrons, quarks and gluons. The largest particles in the galactic model would correspond to hypergiant stars (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2023).
Gregory Podgorniak, Poland
Electrons, quarks and gluons possess internal structure, consist of quadrillion of particles of size about 10^-35 m [they correspond with photons], these then from quadrillion of particles about 10^-50 m [they correspond with gravitons]. To confirm legitimacy of assuming of hypothesis of internal structure of smallest from hitherto known structural subatomic particles as electrons, quarks and gluons it can be invoked the theory of science created by A.Comte (see after text Comte's Theory of Science).
diagram 1. Galatical model
Every following field uses in a large extent from previous, sociology from biology - theory of evolution, biology from chemistry - an example biochemistry, chemistry from physics - even if structure of atom and periodic table, physics from astronomy. Invoking astronomy it can be in physics reach eg. conception of existence of atoms and their internal structure - stars, planets, planetary system. It can be also reach models applied in conception of subquark particles and QG. It is galactical, and cosmical model. Mystery of dark matter can be explained in this way that preonical particles possess mass (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2014).
A more careful analysis of the galactical model leads to the conclusion that there are more types of particles of the right type. Types of stars, by supergiants, giants, dwarfs, all the way to the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy would correspond to the types of these particles. Cosmical model analysis leads to similar conclusions, where the types of particles would correspond to the appropriate types of galaxies.
In addition, it can be assumed that there are types of photon-like particles and corresponding waves with significantly higher speeds than the speed of light. So there are non-electromagnetic waves far above the speed of light (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2019).
Particles much faster than photons are related to the cosmical model and sizes in the order of 10^-50 m. One can imagine building devices equipped with antennas for superelectromagnetic communication. The speed of such communication would be enormous, for example, communication with a base on Pluto could take less than a second.
Main particle from the galactical model will correspond to a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. Perhaps quarks are made of such particles. One can also consider the hypothesis that these particles are micro black holes that have ended their lives as particles, by evaporating. These evaporating micro black holes can produce all the particles from the galactical model (compare stars in the galaxy). The only issue is that these particles can also be building blocks of, for example, quarks.
The bonds of particles from the galactic model and higher models are probably - like quark-gluon bonds - indecomposable. All particles from the galactical model are somehow related to the main particle of the model, which is related to the rotation of the galaxy where the center is a supermassive black hole (black star). There are three types of galaxies, spiral, elliptical and irregular, just as there are three kinds of particles, electrons, quarks and gluons. The largest particles in the galactic model would correspond to hypergiant stars (the above part of this paragraph is from year 2023).
Gregory Podgorniak, Poland
