Innovators that charged the world...

[ScienceRocks]

Innovators that charged the world...

I am making this thread to spot light how IMPORTANT innovators are. We need more of them...

1.

Hovhannes (Ivan) Abgari Adamian (Armenian: Հովհաննես Ադամյան; 5 February 1879, Baku - 12 September 1932, Leningrad) was an Armenian engineer, an author of more than 20 inventions. The first experimental color television was shown in London in 1928 based on Adamian's tricolor principle,[1] and he is recognized as one of the founders of color television.[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovannes_Adamian

2.

Richard Gurley Drew (June 22, 1899 – December 14, 1980) was an American inventor who worked for Johnson and Johnson, Permacel Co., and 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he invented masking tape and cellophane tape.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Drew_(Inventor)

Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (/ˈdʒɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011)[5][6] was an American entrepreneur,[7] marketer,[8] and inventor,[9] who was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he is widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution[10][11] and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields, transforming "one industry after another, from computers and smartphones to music and movies".[12] Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. He also played a role in introducing the LaserWriter, one of the first widely available laser printers, to the market.[13]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs

I'll post more as I find time

 

[Mr. H.]

Welcome to Forbes

The father of natural gas shale drilling, George Mitchell was the first to use hydraulic fracking to crack open the Barnett shale field in Texas. He opened the door to development of shales worldwide.

 

[ScienceRocks]

Lev Andreevich Artsimovich

(Арцимович, Лев Андреевич in Russian; also transliterated Arzimowitsch) (February 25, 1909 (NS) – March 1, 1973) was a Soviet physicist, academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1953), member of the Presidium of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (since 1957), and Hero of Socialist Labor (1969).

Artsimovich worked on the field of nuclear fusion and plasma physics.[1]

From 1930 to 1944 he worked at the Ioffe Institute, and in 1944 he joined the "Laboratory number 2" (currently Kurchatov Institute) for work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. From 1951 to his death in 1973, he was the head of the Soviet fusion power program.

He was known as "the father of the Tokamak",[2] a special concept for a fusion reactor. Once Arzimowitsch was asked when the first thermonuclear reactor would start its work. His replied: "When the mankind's need it, maybe a short time before that."[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Artsimovich


Pavel Alexandrovich Molchanov (

Russian: Павел Александрович Молчано&#1074 (February 18 [O.S. February 6] 1893 in Volosovo, Russian Empire – October 1941, Leningrad, Russian SFSR) was a Soviet Russian meteorologist and the inventor of the radiosonde.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Molchanov


Trefor Jenkins

(born 24 July 1932 in Merthyr Vale [1] ) is a human geneticist from South Africa, noted for his work on DNA.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefor_Jenkins


Otis Frank Boykin

(August 29, 1920, Dallas, Texas – March 13, 1982, Chicago, Illinois) was an African-American inventor and engineer.[1][2]

Boykin, in his lifetime, ultimately invented more than 25 electronic devices. One of his early inventions was an improved electrical resistor for computers, radios, televisions and an assortment of other electronic devices. Other notable inventions include a variable resistor used in guided missiles and small component thick-film resistors for computers.[4]

Boykin's most famous invention was likely a control unit for the artificial heart pacemaker. The device essentially uses electrical impulses to maintain a regular heartbeat. Boykin himself died of a heart failure in Chicago in 1982.[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Boykin


Mark E. Dean

(born March 2, 1957) is an American inventor and a computer engineer. He was part of the team that developed the ISA bus, and he led a design team for making a one-gigahertz computer processor chip.[1] He holds three of IBM's original nine PC patents.[2] In August 2011, writing in his blog, Dean stated that he now uses a tablet computer instead of a PC.[3][4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Dean_(computer_scientist)

 

[ScienceRocks]

James Harrison

(17 April 1816 - 3 September 1893) was a Scottish born Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician, and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration.[1]

James Harrison is remembered as the inventor of the mechanical refrigeration process creating ice and founder of the Victorian Ice Works which was located on this site. In 1873 he won a gold medal at the Melbourne Exhibition by proving that meat kept frozen for months remained perfectly edible.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harrison_(engineer)


Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng)

(6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming


Thomas Savery

(c. 1650–1715) was an English inventor, born at Shilstone, a manor house near Modbury, Devon, England. On 2 July 1698 Savery patented an early steam engine, "A new invention for raising of water and occasioning motion to all sorts of mill work by the impellent force of fire, which will be of great use and advantage for drayning mines, serveing townes with water, and for the working of all sorts of mills where they have not the benefitt of water nor constant windes." [sic][2] He demonstrated it to the Royal Society on 14 June 1699. The patent has no illustrations or even description, but in 1702 Savery described the machine in his book The Miner's Friend; or, An Engine to Raise Water by Fire,[3] in which he claimed that it could pump water out of mines

. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savery


Fra Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli

(sometimes Paccioli or Paciolo; 1445–1517) was an Italian mathematician, Franciscan friar, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci, and seminal contributor to the field now known as accounting. Tractatus mathematicus ad discipulos perusinos (Ms. Vatican Library, Lat. 3129), a textbook of almost 600 pages, dedicated to his students at the University of Perugia where Pacioli was teaching from 1477 to 1480. The manuscript was written between December 1477 and 29 April 1478. It contains 16 sections on merchant arithmetic, such as barter, exchange, profit, mixing metals, and algebra. One part of 25 pages is missing from the chapter on algebra. A modern transcription has been published by Calzoni and Cavazzoni (1996) as well as a partial translation of the chapter on partitioning problems (Heeffer, 2010).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca_Pacioli

 

[ScienceRocks]

Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci

(Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo meˈuttʃi]; 1808–1889) was an Italian inventor and also a friend and associate of the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi.[1][2] Meucci is best known for developing a voice communication apparatus which several sources credit as the first telephone.[3][4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Meucci


Federico Faggin

(born December 1, 1941) is an Italian-born and educated physicist, naturalized US citizen, widely known for designing the first commercial microprocessor. He led the 4004 (MCS-4) project and the design group during the first five years of Intel's microprocessor effort. He was founder and CEO of Zilog, the first company solely dedicated to microprocessors.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin

Ivan Nikolov Stranski

(Bulgarian: Иван Николов Странски; German: Iwan Nicolá Stranski; 2 January 1897–1979) was a Bulgarian physical chemist.

The founder of the Bulgarian school of physical chemistry, Stranski is considered the father of crystal growth research.[1][2] Stranski headed the departments of physical chemistry at Sofia University and the Technical University of Berlin, of which he was also rector. The Stranski-Krastanov growth and the Kossel-Stranski model have been named after Ivan Stranski.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Stranski

Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt

(Hungarian: Nagyrápolti Szent-Györgyi Albert [ˈnɒɟraːpolti ˈsɛntˌɟørɟi ˈɒlbɛrt]; September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937.[1] He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Szent-Györgyi


Christian Andreas Doppler

(/ˈdɒplər/; 29 November 1803 – 17 March 1853) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist. Only a year later, at the age of 38, Doppler gave a lecture to the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences and subsequently published his most notable work, "Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels" (On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other stars of the heavens). There is a facsimile edition with an English translation by Alec Eden.[1] In this work, Doppler postulated his principle (later coined the Doppler effect) that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer, and he tried to use this concept for explaining the colour of binary stars. In Doppler's time in Prague as a professor he published over 50 articles on mathematics, physics and astronomy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Doppler


Johann Alois Senefelder

(6 November 1771 – 26 February 1834) was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Senefelder

 

[ScienceRocks]

Sir Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban,[

1][a] Kt., QC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon

James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE

(13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish[1][2] mathematical physicist.[3] His most prominent achievement was to formulate a set of equations that describe electricity, magnetism, and optics as manifestations of the same phenomenon, namely the electromagnetic field.[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell

Mohammed Ghanbari

(Persian: محمد قنبری*) is an emeritus professor in the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering focused in the areas of Video Networking at the University of Essex.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ghanbari


Enrico Fermi (Italian: [enˈri.ko ˈfeɾ.mi];

29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist, best known for his work on Chicago Pile-1 (the first nuclear reactor), and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi

 

[ScienceRocks]

Anders Celsius

(27 November 1701 – 25 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 he proposed the Celsius temperature scale which bears his surname, though this was revised in 1745 by Carl Linnaeus, inverting the original scale, one year after Celsius' death from tuberculosis.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Celsius

Anders Knutsson Ångström

(1888, Stockholm – 1981) was a Swedish physicist and meteorologist who was known primarily for his contributions to the field of atmospheric radiation. However, his scientific interests encompassed many diverse topics.[1]

He was the son of physicist Knut Ångström. He graduated with a BS from the University of Upsala in 1909. Then he completed his MS at the University of Upsala in 1911. He taught at the University of Stockholm Later, he was the department head of the Meteorology department at State Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) of Sweden 1945–1949 and SMHI's chancellor 1949–1954.[2]

He is credited with the invention of the pyranometer, the first device to accurately measure direct and indirect solar radiation.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Knutsson_Ångström


Mario Ramberg Capecchi

(Verona, Italy, 6 October 1937) is an Italian-born American molecular geneticist and a co-winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a method to create mice in which a specific gene is turned off, known as knockout mice.[1][2][3][4][5] He shared the prize with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies.[6] He is currently Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of Utah School of Medicine.[7][8][9][10][11]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Capecchi



Giambattista della Porta

(Italian pronunciation: [dʒambatˈtista ˌdelːa ˈpɔrta]) (1535?[2] – 4 February 1615), also known as Giovanni Battista Della Porta and John Baptist Porta,[3] was an Italian scholar, polymath and playwright who lived in Naples at the time of the Scientific Revolution and Reformation.

Giambattista della Porta spent the majority of his life on scientific endeavors. He benefited from an informal education of tutors and visits from renowned scholars. His most famous work, first published in 1558, was entitled Magiae Naturalis (Natural Magic). In this book he covered a variety of the subjects he had investigated, including the study of: occult philosophy, astrology, alchemy, mathematics, meteorology, and natural philosophy. He was also referred to as "professor of secrets".[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta

 

[ScienceRocks]

John Barber

(1734–1801) was an English coalmaster and inventor. He was born in Nottinghamshire, but moved to Warwickshire in the 1760s to manage collieries in the Nuneaton area. For a time he lived in Camp Hill House, between Hartshill and Nuneaton, and later lived in Attleborough. He patented several inventions between 1766 and 1792, of which the most remarkable was one for a gas turbine. Unfortunately nothing practical came out of this patent, but Barber was the first man to describe in detail the principle of the gas turbine, and in recent years a working model based on Barber's specification has been built.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barber_(engineer)


Alexander Graham Bell

(March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922)[2] was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.[N 3]

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.[5] His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first US patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[7][N 5]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell


Josephine Cochrane

[1] (March 8, 1839, Ashtabula County, Ohio - August 3, 1913)[2] made the first practical mechanical dishwasher in 1886, in Shelbyville, Illinois.,[3] although a washing machine device was patented in 1850 by Joel Houghton (see Dishwasher, History).

Cochrane was a rich woman who hosted frequent dinner parties. She did not do any of the dishes herself because she had servants to do that for her, but she wanted a machine that could do the job faster without chipping any dishes. No one had invented such a machine so she built one herself. She is said to have exclaimed, "If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine, I'll do it myself!"[4] First she measured the dishes. Then she built wire compartments, each specially designed to fit either plates, cups, or saucers. The compartments were placed inside a wheel that lay flat inside a copper boiler. A motor turned the wheel while hot soapy water squirted up from the bottom of the boiler and rained down on the dishes.[5] Her friends were very impressed and had her make dishwashing machines for them, calling them the "Cochrane Dishwasher".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Cochrane


James Lee Fergason[2]

(January 12, 1934 - December 9, 2008) was an American inventor and business entrepreneur. A member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, Fergason is best known for his work on an improved Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD. He held over one hundred U.S. patents at the time of his death.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fergason

 

[ScienceRocks]

The development of the engine


Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester

(1601? – 3 April 1667),[2] styled Lord Herbert of Raglan from 1628–1644, was an English nobleman involved in royalist politics, and an inventor. In 1655 he published The Century of Inventions, detailing more than 100 inventions, including a device that would have been one of the earliest steam engines.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Somerset,_2nd_Marquess_of_Worcester

Jacob Leupold

(1674–1727) was a German physicist, scientist, mathematician, instrument maker, mining commissioner and an engineer. He wrote the important and popular book Theatrum Machinarum Generale, ("The General Theory of Machines") which was published in 1727.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Leupold


James Watt, FRS, FRSE

(/wɒt/; 19 January 1736 – 25 August 1819)[1] was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt

Thomas Newcomen

(circa 24[citation needed] February 1664[1] – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine for pumping water, the Newcomen steam engine. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, near a part of the country noted for its tin mines. Flooding was a major problem, limiting the depth at which the mineral could be mined.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen


John Smeaton, FRS,

(8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer, and often regarded as the "father of civil engineering".[/QUOTE] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smeaton

Richard Trevithick

(13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall, England.[1] Born in the mining heartland of Cornwall, Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from a young age. The son of a mining captain, he performed poorly in school, but went on to be an early pioneer of steam-powered road and rail transport. His most significant contribution was to the development of the first high-pressure steam engine, he also built the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive. On 21 February 1804 the world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks, in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.[2][3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick

Sir Charles Algernon Parsons OM KCB FRS

(13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931) was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the steam turbine.[1] He worked as an engineer on dynamo and turbine design, and power generation, with great influence on the naval and electrical engineering fields. He also developed optical equipment, for searchlights and telescopes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons

We wouldn't have the kind of society we have today if it wasn't for these men Edison wouldn't have a pot to shit in if it wasn't for them.

This is why I say no cars, no lights, no trains, etc...Sure there were batteries a few thousand years ago but it was this that pushed our society to what it is today.


and yes I'll give some credit to the muslims...

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf al-Shami al-Asadi

(Arabic: تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي, Modern Turkish: Takiyuddin or Taki) (1526–1585) was an Ottoman Turkish[1][2] Muslim polymath: He was the author of more than ninety books on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, clocks, engineering, mathematics, mechanics, optics and natural philosophy.[citation needed] In 1574 the Ottoman Sultan Murād III invited Taqī al-Dīn to build an observatory in Istanbul. Using his exceptional knowledge in the mechanical arts, Taqī al-Dīn constructed instruments like huge armillary and mechanical clocks that he used in his observations of the comet of 1577. He also used European celestial and terrestrial globes that were delivered to Istanbul in gift-exchange. The major work that resulted his work in the observatory is titled The tree of ultimate knowledge [in the end of time or the world] in the Kingdom of the Revolving Spheres: The astronomical tables of the King of Kings [Murād III](Sidrat al-muntah al-afkar fi malkūt al-falak al-dawār– al-zij al-Shāhinshāhi). The work was prepared according to the results of the observations carried out in Egypt and Istanbul in order to correct and complete Ulugh Beg’s Zij al-Sultani. The first 40 pages of the work deal with calculations, followed by discussions of astronomical clocks, heavenly circles, and information about three eclipses which he observed at Cairo and Istanbul. For corroborating data of other observations of eclipses in other locale like Daud al-Riyyadi (David the Mathematician), David Ben-Shushan of Salonika. According to the Hapsburg ambassador, Salomon Schweigger a charlatan who deceived Sultan Murad III and had him spent enormous resources.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_Ma'ruf

 

[ScienceRocks]

Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān

(al-Barigi / al-Azdi / al-Kufi / al-Tusi / al-Sufi, Arabic: جابر بن حیان*, Persian: جابرحیان, fl.c.721–c.815)[6] was a prominent Arab or Persian polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician. Born and educated in Tus, he later traveled to Kufa. Jābir is held to have been the first practical alchemist.[7]

As early as the 10th century, the identity and exact corpus of works of Jābir was in dispute in Islamic circles.[8] His name was Latinized as "Geber" in the Christian West and in 13th-century Europe an anonymous writer, usually referred to as Pseudo-Geber, produced alchemical and metallurgical writings under the pen-name Geber.[9]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jābir_ibn_Hayyān


Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria

(c. AD 10–70) was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt. He is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity[1] and his work is representative of the Hellenistic scientific tradition.[2]

Hero published a well recognized description of a steam-powered device called an aeolipile (hence sometimes called a "Hero engine"). Among his most famous inventions was a windwheel, constituting the earliest instance of wind harnessing on land.[3][4] He is said to have been a follower of the Atomists. Some of his ideas were derived from the works of Ctesibius.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria


Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī,

also known as Al-Zarqali or Ibn Zarqala (1029–1087), was a Muslim instrument maker, astrologer, and one of the leading astronomers of his time. Although his name is conventionally given as al-Zarqālī, it is probable that the correct form was al-Zarqālluh.[1] In Latin he is referred to as Arzachel or Arsechieles, a modified form of Arzachel, meaning 'the engraver'.[2] He lived in Toledo in Castile, Al-Andalus (now Spain), moving to Córdoba later in his life. His works inspired a generation of Islamic astronomers in Andalusia.

The crater Arzachel on the Moon is named after him.[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zarqali


Khawaja Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Tūsī

(Persian: محمد بن محمد بن الحسن طوسی*) (born 18 February 1201 in Ṭūs, Khorasan – died on 26 June 1274 in al-Kāżimiyyah district of metropolitan Baghdad), better known as Nasīr al-Dīn Tūsī (Persian: نصیر الدین طوسی*; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian[1][2][3][4] polymath and prolific writer: an architect, astronomer, biologist, chemist, mathematician, philosopher, physician, physicist, scientist, theologian and Marja Taqleed.[citation needed] He was of the Ismaili-, and subsequently Twelver Shī‘ah Islamic belief.[5] The Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) considered Tusi to be the greatest of the later Persian scholars.[6]

"Al-Tusi was the first to write a work on trigonometry independently of astronomy.[19] Al-Tusi, in his Treatise on the Quadrilateral, gave an extensive exposition of spherical trigonometry, distinct from astronomy.[20] It was in the works of Al-Tusi that trigonometry achieved the status of an independent branch of pure mathematics distinct from astronomy, to which it had been linked for so long.[21][22]

He was the first to list the six distinct cases of a right triangle in spherical trigonometry


In his On the Sector Figure, appears the famous law of sines for plane triangles.[23]
\frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}
He also stated the law of sines for spherical triangles,[24][25] discovered the law of tangents for spherical triangles, and provided proofs for these laws.[23]
."

Chemistry and Physics[edit]

In chemistry and physics, Tusi stated a version of the law of conservation of mass. He wrote that a body of matter is able to change, but is not able to disappear:[17]


"A body of matter cannot disappear completely. It only changes its form, condition, composition, colour and other properties and turns into a different complex or elementary matter."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi

 

[ScienceRocks]

Acharya Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose

,[1] CSI,[2] CIE,[3] FRS[4] (Bengali: জগদীশ চন্দ্র বসু; 30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Bengali polymath, physicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist, as well as an early writer of science fiction.[5] He pioneered the investigation of radio and microwave optics, made very significant contributions to plant science, and laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent.[6] IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science.[7] He is also considered the father of Bengali science fiction. He also invented the crescograph.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagdish_Chandra_Bose

Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, 1915)

is an American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and educator. Townes is known for his work on the theory and application of the maser, on which he got the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics connected with both maser and laser devices. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. The Japanese FM Towns computer and game console is named in his honour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes

Kurt Lehovec

(June 12, 1918 – February 17, 2012) was one of the pioneers of the integrated circuit. He innovated the concept of p-n junction isolation used in every circuit element with a guard ring: a reverse-biased p-n junction surrounding the planar periphery of that element. This patent was assigned to Sprague Electric.[1][2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Lehovec


Rolf William Landauer

(February 4, 1927 – April 28, 1999) was a German-American physicist who made important contributions in diverse areas of the thermodynamics of information processing, condensed matter physics, and the conductivity of disordered media.[1] In 1961 he discovered Landauer's principle, that in any logically irreversible operation that manipulates information, such as erasing a bit of memory, entropy increases and an associated amount of energy is dissipated as heat.[1] This principle is relevant to reversible computing, quantum information and quantum computing. He also is responsible for the Landauer formula relating the electrical resistance of a conductor to its scattering properties. He won the Stuart Ballantine Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society and the IEEE Edison Medal, among many other honors.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Landauer