Let us continue with more of the stone cold truth.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, 175 U.S. 528 (1899), ("Richmond") was a
class action suit decided by the
Supreme Court of the United States.
[1] It is a landmark case, in that it sanctioned de jure segregation of races in American schools. The decision was overruled by
Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
The Supreme Court affirmed on economic arguments, among others. It claimed that there are many more colored children than white children in the area and that the Board could not afford to supply everyone with education. The court reasoned that there was a choice between educating 60 white children and educating no one.
The Supreme Court denied that it had any jurisdiction to interfere in the decisions of the state courts. The decision states in pertinent part:
Under the circumstances disclosed, we cannot say that this action of the state court was, within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment, a denial by the state to the plaintiffs and to those associated with them of the equal protection of the laws or of any privileges belonging to them as citizens of the United States,... the education of the people in schools maintained by state taxation is a matter belonging to the respective states, and any interference on the part of Federal authority with the management of such schools cannot be justified except in the case of a clear and unmistakable disregard of rights secured by the supreme law of the land.
The final remark says:
If, in some appropriate proceeding instituted directly for that purpose, the plaintiffs had sought to compel the board of education, out of the funds in its hands or under its control, to establish and maintain a high school for colored children, and if it appeared that the board's refusal to maintain such a school was in fact an abuse of its discretion and in hostility to the colored population because of their race, different questions might have arisen in the state court.
Justice
John Marshall Harlan, who was the lone dissenter in
Plessy v. Ferguson, wrote the opinion for a unanimous court.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education - Wikipedia
Harlan was a REPUBLICAN. The party of Lincoln, the party of civil rights and the party of DE JURE SEGREGATION.
Williams v Mississippi
Williams v. Mississippi, 170 U.S. 213 (1898), is a
United States Supreme Court case that reviewed provisions of the state constitution that set requirements for voter registration. The Supreme Court did not find discrimination in the state's requirements for voters to pass a
literacy test and pay
poll taxes, as these were applied to all voters.
In practice, the subjective nature of literacy approval by white registrars worked to drastically decrease and essentially
disfranchise African American voters.
The Court considered the new
Mississippi constitution passed in 1890. It upheld disfranchisement clauses which established requirements for literacy tests and poll taxes paid retroactively from one's 21st birthday as prerequisites for voter registration. A
grandfather clause effectively exempted illiterate whites, but not blacks, from the literacy test by relating qualifications to whether one's grandfather had voted before a certain date.
The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rejected Williams' contention in a 9-0 vote, ruling that he had not shown administration of the Mississippi suffrage provision was discriminatory.
Williams v. Mississippi - Wikipedia
And there goes the right to vote for blacks.