They aren’t
Your ignorance is embarrassing.
rig does not know----he never met either a muslim or a jew. I grew up in a very WASP town
and even attended "SUNDAY SCHOOL" ---(the neighbor considered it a mitzvah to take me along
with her daughter) I worked with LOTS of muslims as a teen and young adult -----in hospitals.
People from south east asia, africa and Iran--------RIG's level of ignorance cannot be overcome
in the current comic book USA
Totally wrong. The appeal of Israel was free jobs, homes, land, etc. But many Jews did not leave their Mideast Homes and go to Israel, In fact, there are over 30,000 Jews in Tehran alone. Jews were never harmed anywhere in the Mideast. It is Russia, Poland, France, Spain, and Germany where they were treated the worst.
there are more like 10,000 jews left in Iran----out of MORE THAN 200,000 before 1948. The
decimation of that population far surpasses the definition of genocide
 
They aren’t
Your ignorance is embarrassing.

Honor killing in the Old Testament:

{...
One case of honor killing in the Old Testament occurs because Dinah, the daughter of Jacob with his wife Leah was raped by Shechem, the son of Hamor (Genesis 34:1-31). When Dinah left the security of her family’s encampment to visit the women who lived in the city of Shechem, she met a man named Shechem, who was the son of the ruler of the city.

Shechem used force to subdue Dinah and raped her. Shechem was attracted to Dinah and wanted to marry her because he believed he was in love with her.

Dinah’s brothers, Simeon and Levi, were outraged for what Shechem had done to their sister because he had defiled her: “When they heard of it, the men were indignant and very angry, because he had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter, for such a thing ought not to be done” (Genesis 34:7).

When Shechem came to Jacob to ask permission to marry Dinah, Jacob was speechless. His sons spoke for him and agreed with the proposal: “The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, because he had defiled their sister Dinah” (Genesis 34:13). The condition for the marriage was that the men of Shechem had to be circumcised.

The men of Shechem agreed. Three days after they were circumcised, the sons of Jacob went to the city and killed all the men with the sword. In order to avenge the shame Shechem had brought to their family, “the other sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled. They took their flocks and their herds, their donkeys, and whatever was in the city and in the field. All their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses, they captured and made their prey” (Genesis 34:27-29).

Neither Jacob nor his sons questioned the killing of the men of Shechem nor the plunder of the city nor the violation of the Shechemite women as a proper compensation for the violation of Dinah.

But, how about Dinah? How about her feelings? Did her brothers ask her if she loved Shechem or whether she wanted to marry him? The brother just went to Shechem’s house where she was staying “and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went away” (Genesis 34:26).

In his book Reclaiming Her Story: The Witness of Women in the Old Testament, Jon Berquist writes about Dinah as a victim of rape. He wrote:

As a rape victim, she became damaged property. She could have married her rapist, Shechem, but now her only possible mate was dead at the hands of her ever-loving brothers (cf. Deuteronomy 22:25-29). They consigned her to a life of solitude. Throughout all of the brothers’ actions, they never asked her about what she wanted, and they never thought about how to help her. Instead, they only considered what would help their finances and their reputation.
Violence begat violence, and many people died, but Dinah’s own problems as a victim were ignored. Because she was property to be bought and sold, she never spoke and never acted throughout the story, even though the tale began when she journeyed to speak with other women. She began an innocent person with vivacious curiosity and hopes for a magnificent future, but she ended the story thoroughly crushed with no hopes at all, even though her brothers had made themselves rich through the situation (1992: 64).
That is the tragedy of honor killing: the women remain silent throughout the process. Their fate is not the concern of the men in their life. They protect their honor by condemning the women into oblivion.

Claude Mariottini
Emeritus Professor of Old Testament
Northern Baptist Seminary ...}

 
Honor killing in the Old Testament:

{...
One case of honor killing in the Old Testament occurs because Dinah, the daughter of Jacob with his wife Leah was raped by Shechem, the son of Hamor (Genesis 34:1-31). When Dinah left the security of her family’s encampment to visit the women who lived in the city of Shechem, she met a man named Shechem, who was the son of the ruler of the city.

Shechem used force to subdue Dinah and raped her. Shechem was attracted to Dinah and wanted to marry her because he believed he was in love with her.

Dinah’s brothers, Simeon and Levi, were outraged for what Shechem had done to their sister because he had defiled her: “When they heard of it, the men were indignant and very angry, because he had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter, for such a thing ought not to be done” (Genesis 34:7).

When Shechem came to Jacob to ask permission to marry Dinah, Jacob was speechless. His sons spoke for him and agreed with the proposal: “The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, because he had defiled their sister Dinah” (Genesis 34:13). The condition for the marriage was that the men of Shechem had to be circumcised.

The men of Shechem agreed. Three days after they were circumcised, the sons of Jacob went to the city and killed all the men with the sword. In order to avenge the shame Shechem had brought to their family, “the other sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled. They took their flocks and their herds, their donkeys, and whatever was in the city and in the field. All their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses, they captured and made their prey” (Genesis 34:27-29).

Neither Jacob nor his sons questioned the killing of the men of Shechem nor the plunder of the city nor the violation of the Shechemite women as a proper compensation for the violation of Dinah.

But, how about Dinah? How about her feelings? Did her brothers ask her if she loved Shechem or whether she wanted to marry him? The brother just went to Shechem’s house where she was staying “and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went away” (Genesis 34:26).

In his book Reclaiming Her Story: The Witness of Women in the Old Testament, Jon Berquist writes about Dinah as a victim of rape. He wrote:


That is the tragedy of honor killing: the women remain silent throughout the process. Their fate is not the concern of the men in their life. They protect their honor by condemning the women into oblivion.

Claude Mariottini
Emeritus Professor of Old Testament
Northern Baptist Seminary ...}

really lousy commentary on the event-----the "professor" LIED----Jacob did object-----the jerky
Maariottini---OBVIOUSLY never read the bible------nothing new there----neither has jerky
rigs
 
really lousy commentary on the event-----the "professor" LIED----Jacob did object-----the jerky
Maariottini---OBVIOUSLY never read the bible------nothing new there----neither has jerky
rigs

The point is the Old Testament is horrific.
Lots of examples, just as the genocide of the Canaanites of Jericho.
No excuse.
Islam is vastly superior to the Old Testament.
I would like the New Testament of Christianity even better, except that Christians in practice are even worse, with the Crusades, Inquisition, Conquistadors, etc.
 
The point is the Old Testament is horrific.
Lots of examples, just as the genocide of the Canaanites of Jericho.
No excuse.
Islam is vastly superior to the Old Testament.
I would like the New Testament of Christianity even better, except that Christians in practice are even worse, with the Crusades, Inquisition, Conquistadors, etc.
you nave no point. Your saving grace is that your stupidity is
entertaining
 
Honor killing in the Old Testament:

{...
One case of honor killing in the Old Testament occurs because Dinah, the daughter of Jacob with his wife Leah was raped by Shechem, the son of Hamor (Genesis 34:1-31). When Dinah left the security of her family’s encampment to visit the women who lived in the city of Shechem, she met a man named Shechem, who was the son of the ruler of the city.

Shechem used force to subdue Dinah and raped her. Shechem was attracted to Dinah and wanted to marry her because he believed he was in love with her.

Dinah’s brothers, Simeon and Levi, were outraged for what Shechem had done to their sister because he had defiled her: “When they heard of it, the men were indignant and very angry, because he had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter, for such a thing ought not to be done” (Genesis 34:7).

When Shechem came to Jacob to ask permission to marry Dinah, Jacob was speechless. His sons spoke for him and agreed with the proposal: “The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, because he had defiled their sister Dinah” (Genesis 34:13). The condition for the marriage was that the men of Shechem had to be circumcised.

The men of Shechem agreed. Three days after they were circumcised, the sons of Jacob went to the city and killed all the men with the sword. In order to avenge the shame Shechem had brought to their family, “the other sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled. They took their flocks and their herds, their donkeys, and whatever was in the city and in the field. All their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses, they captured and made their prey” (Genesis 34:27-29).

Neither Jacob nor his sons questioned the killing of the men of Shechem nor the plunder of the city nor the violation of the Shechemite women as a proper compensation for the violation of Dinah.

But, how about Dinah? How about her feelings? Did her brothers ask her if she loved Shechem or whether she wanted to marry him? The brother just went to Shechem’s house where she was staying “and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went away” (Genesis 34:26).

In his book Reclaiming Her Story: The Witness of Women in the Old Testament, Jon Berquist writes about Dinah as a victim of rape. He wrote:


That is the tragedy of honor killing: the women remain silent throughout the process. Their fate is not the concern of the men in their life. They protect their honor by condemning the women into oblivion.

Claude Mariottini
Emeritus Professor of Old Testament
Northern Baptist Seminary ...}

Cool Copy/Paste…
Why did they do it and what were the consequences?
I presume you have zero idea.

I also love how you defend a rapist where the town knew he committed rape and went along with a plan to rape more women.
 
Cool Copy/Paste…
Why did they do it and what were the consequences?
I presume you have zero idea.

I also love how you defend a rapist where the town knew he committed rape and went along with a plan to rape more women.
my sense is the our dear rigs never read DA BIBLE (or the koran) ----but he does read
idiot commentary by equally unlettered country (sorry country----I grew up sorta country
myself) rabble rousing "preachers"
 
Cool Copy/Paste…
Why did they do it and what were the consequences?
I presume you have zero idea.

I also love how you defend a rapist where the town knew he committed rape and went along with a plan to rape more women.

You obviously never read the chapter, because the point was that in some societies, rape is how marriages were sanctioned.
And that was the point of this rape, the rapist wanted to marry the woman.
There was no plan "to rape more women".
 
You obviously never read the chapter, because the point was that in some societies, rape is how marriages were sanctioned.
And that was the point of this rape, the rapist wanted to marry the woman.
There was no plan "to rape more women".
you need more commentary ......AND to keep reading the story
 
This was an interesting find I ran into while looking up the history of the Pashtun of Afghanistan, specifically the Taliban,

{...

Bani Israel theory​

There is a tradition among the Pashtuns of being descended from the exiled lost tribes of Israel.[31] This tradition was referenced in 19th-century Western scholarship and was also incorporated in the "Lost Tribes" literature popular at the time (notably George Moore's The Lost Tribes of 1861). Recently (2000s), interest in the topic has been revived by Jerusalem anthropologist Shalva Weil, who was quoted in the popular press to the effect that "Taliban may be descended from Jews".[32]

The traditions surrounding the Pashtuns being remote descendants of the "Lost Tribes of Israel" is to be distinguished from the historical presence of the Jewish community in eastern Afghanistan which flourished from about the 7th century to the early 20th century, but has essentially disappeared due to its emigration to Israel since the 1950s.

Mughal-era historiography​

Main article: Nimat Allah al-Harawi
According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites is traced to Maghzan-e-Afghani, a history compiled for Khan-e-Jehan Lodhi in the reign of Mughal Emperor Jehangir in the 16th century. The Maghzan-e-Afghani's Bani Israel theory has been discounted by modern authorities, due to numerous historical and linguistic inconsistencies.[citation needed]

In his universal history Mirat-ul-AlamThe Mirror of the World – Bukhtawar Khan describes the journeys of the Pashtuns from the Holy Land to Ghor, Ghazni, and Kabul. Similarly, Rahmat bin Shah Alam, in his Khulasat-ul-Ansab and Fareed-ud-Din Ahmad in Risala-i-Ansab-i-Afghana provide the history of the Afghans and deal with their genealogies.

Two of the most famous historical works on the subject are Tarikh-i-AfghanaHistory of the Afghans – by Nimat Allah al-Harawi, which was translated by Bernard Dorn in 1829, and Tarikh-i-Hafiz Rahmatkhani, by Muhammad Zadeek which he wrote in 1770. "Tawarikh-e-Hafiz Rehmat khani"was later translated and provided with footnotes by Khan Roshan khan. These books deal with the early history of the Pashtuns, their origin and wanderings in general. They particularly discuss the Yusefzai (literally "sons of Joseph") and their occupation of Kabul, Bajoor, Swat, Peshawar and some of Charsadda (District of Peshawar).

In his Travels into Bokhara, which he published in 1835, Sir Alexander Burnes wrote: "The Afghans call themselves Bani Israel, or the children of Israel, but consider the term Yahoodi, or Jew, to be one of reproach. They say that Nebuchadnezzar, after the overthrow of Israel, transplanted them into the towns of Ghore near Bamean and that they were called after their Chief Afghan they say that they lived as Israelites till Khalid summoned them in the first century of the Muhammadans. Having precisely stated the traditions and history of the Afghans I see no good reason for discrediting them… the Afghans look like Jews and the younger brother marries the widow of the elder. The Afghans entertain strong prejudices against the Jewish nation, which would at least show that they have no desire to claim – without just cause – a descent from them." (Sir Alexander Burnes, Travels into Bokhara, Vol. 2:139-141.)

Burnes was again in 1837 sent as the first British Envoy to the Court of Kabul. For some time he was the guest of King Dost Mohammad Khan. He questioned the King about the descent of the Pashtuns from the Israelites. The King replied that "his people had no doubt of that, though they repudiated the idea of being Jews".

William Moorcroft traveled during 1819 to 1825 through various countries adjoining India, including Afghanistan. "The Khaibarees," he says, "are tall and have a singularly Jewish cast of features." (Moorcroft, Travels in Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Punjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz and Bokhara, 12)

In his book, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia and Afghanistan, which he published in 1843, J. B. Frazer says: "According to their own tradition they believe themselves to be descendants from the Hebrews… they preserved the purity of their religion until they met with Islam." (J.B. Frazer, A Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia and Afghanistan, 298)

Sir Henry Yule (1902 Encyclopædia Britannica, article on Afghanistan) references the tradition:

This story is repeated in great and varying detail in sundry books by afghans, the oldest of which appears to be of the 16th century; nor do we know that any trace of the legend is found of older date. In the version gives by Major Raverty (Introd. To Afghan Grammar), Afghana is settled by King Solomon himself in the Sulimani mountains; there is nothing about Nebuchadnezzar or Ghur. The historian Firishta says he had read that the Pashtuns were descended from Copts of the race of Pharoah. And one of the Afghan histories, quoted by Mr. Bellew, relates "a current tradition" that previous to the time of Kais, Bilo the father of the Biluchis, Uzbak (evidently the father of the Uzbegs), and Afghana were considered as brethren. As Mahommed Uzbeg Khan, the eponymus of the medley of Tartar tribes called Uzbegs, reigned in the 14th century A.D., this gives some possible light on the value of these so-called traditions.
Thomas Ledlie wrote in an article in the Calcutta Review in 1989 that "the Afghans [...] claim themselves to be of Bani Israel."[33]

Lost Tribes​

It should first be noted that Jewish tradition holds that the tribes were not 'lost', but intermingled. The idea entire tribes - such as the Tribe of Joseph - became separated from the main body is not in accordance with that tradition. It is, however, established historical fact that the early Jewish diaspora was widespread, particularly along the Silk Road, and that sizeable groups migrated, assimilated, and eventually, in some cases, took the local religion. Additionally, the presence of an early Jewish community in the area is well attested, and indeed the community survived to the modern day. It is therefore not unlikely that there is a community descended from early Jewish migrants, but difficult to plausibly call them a 'lost tribe'.

Joseph-Pierre Ferrier wrote his History of the Afghans in 1858 (translated by Capt. W. M. Jesse). Ferrier wrote that "When Nadir Shah Afshar marching to the conquest of India arrived at Peshawar, the chief of the tribe of Yoosoof Zyes (Sons of Joseph) presented him with a Bible written in Hebrew and several other articles that had been used in their ancient worship and which they had preserved...This fact, supposing it to be one, if affording evidence sufficiently convincing to some persons, can only be considered as authority with respect to the Yoosoofzyes ; but it does not follow, therefore, that other Afghan tribes are branches from the same stem ; on the contrary, everything leads to the conclusion that, although they all speak a common language, the Pushtoo, the tribes are not all of the same origin - they are distinguished by marked characteristics, moral as well as physical."[34]

George Moore published his work The Lost Tribes in 1861. He argued that these tribes are traceable to India. After giving details of the character of the wandering Israelites, he said: "And we find that the very natural character of Israel reappear in all its life and reality in countries where people call themselves Bani Israel and universally claim to be the descendants of the Lost Tribes. The nomenclature of their tribes and districts, both in ancient Geography, and at the present day, confirms this universal natural tradition. Lastly, we have the route of the Israelites from Media to Afghanistan and India marked by a series of intermediate stations bearing the names of several of the tribes and clearly indicating the stages of their long and arduous journey." [George Moore, The Lost Tribes]

Moore goes on to say: "Sir William Jones, Sir John Malcolm and the missing Chamberlain, after full investigation, were of the opinion that the Ten Tribes migrated to India, Tibet, and Cashemire [Kashmir] through Afghanistan." [George Moore, The Lost Tribes]

Major H. W. Bellew went on a political mission to Kandahar and published his impressions in his Journal of a Mission to Kandahar, 1857-8. He then wrote in 1879 his book Afghanistan and Afghans. In 1880 he was sent, once again on another mission to Kabul, and in the same year he delivered two lectures before the United Services Institute at Simla: "A New Afghan Question", or "Are the Afghans Israelites?" and "Who are the Afghans?" He then published another book: The Races of Afghanistan. Finally he collected all his facts in An Enquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan, which was published in 1891.

In this work he mentions Killa Yahoodi ("Fort of the Jews") (H.W. Bellew, An Enquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan, 34), as being the name of the eastern boundary of their country, and also speaks of Dasht-i-Yahoodi ("Jewish plain") (ibid., 4), a place in Mardan District. He concludes: "The Afghan’s accounts of Jacob and Esau, of Moses and the Exodus, of the Wars of the Israelites with the Amalekites and conquest of Palestine, of the Ark of the Covenant and of the election of Saul to the Kingdom, etc., etc., are clearly founded on the Biblical records, and clearly indicate a knowledge of the Old Testament, which if it does not prove the presence of the Christians at least corroborates their assertion that the Afghans were readers of the Pentateuch." (Ibid., 191
...}
 
LOL-----jews in Afghanistan is not a NEW IDEA-----in fact the very civilized state---KABUL, had
well established Yeshivas------TODAY----there are no jews (possibly one) in Afghanistan but
TWO KOSHER AFGHANI RESTAURANTS in New York State. The history of the jewish community
is typical for the EAST-----when ISLAM happened----the jewish communities ------got genocided
out of existence. Linguistically PASHTUN has nothing to do with hebrew---but is very closely
related to FARSI-------Vashti---who was queen of Persia before Esther showed up----was from
Afghanistan. The history is documented
 
LOL-----jews in Afghanistan is not a NEW IDEA-----in fact the very civilized state---KABUL, had
well established Yeshivas------TODAY----there are no jews (possibly one) in Afghanistan but
TWO KOSHER AFGHANI RESTAURANTS in New York State. The history of the jewish community
is typical for the EAST-----when ISLAM happened----the jewish communities ------got genocided
out of existence. Linguistically PASHTUN has nothing to do with hebrew---but is very closely
related to FARSI-------Vashti---who was queen of Persia before Esther showed up----was from
Afghanistan. The history is documented

I have no opinion about Afghanistan, but it is wrong to say, "when ISLAM happened----the jewish communities ------got genocided".
Never did Moslems attack Jews for being Jews.
All the high ranking administrative jobs in Moslem governments were usually held by Jews.
The main administrator is called a vizier, and was almost always Jewish.
Jews were Mohammad's allies when capturing Mecca, and Jews defended Jerusalem from attacking Christian Crusaders.
The Moor employed Jewish administrators in the Iberian Peninsula, and that is why the Spanish Inquisition had so many Jews to harass after the Moors left.

As to Pashto, I don't know languages enough to say anything:

{...
Some linguists have argued that Pashto is descended from Avestan or a variety very similar to it.[55] However, the position that Pashto is a direct descendant of Avestan is not agreed upon. What scholars agree on is the fact that Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language sharing characteristics with Eastern Middle Iranian languages such as Bactrian, Khwarezmian and Sogdian.[56][57]

Strabo, who lived between 64 BC and 24 CE, explains that the tribes inhabiting the lands west of the Indus River were part of Ariana. This was around the time when the area inhabited by the Pashtuns was governed by the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. From the 3rd century CE onward, they are mostly referred to by the name Afghan (Abgan).[58][59][60][8]

Abdul Hai Habibi believe that the earliest modern Pashto work dates back to Amir Kror Suri of the early Ghurid period in the 8th century, and they use the writings found in Pata Khazana. Pə́ṭa Xazāná (پټه خزانه) is a Pashto manuscript[61] claimed to be written by Mohammad Hotak under the patronage of the Pashtun emperor Hussain Hotak in Kandahar; containing an anthology of Pashto poets. However, its authenticity is disputed by scholars such as David Neil MacKenzie and Lucia Serena Loi.[62][63] Nile Green comments in this regard:[64]

"In 1944, Habibi claimed to have discovered an eighteenth-century manuscript anthology containing much older biographies and verses of Pashto poets that stretched back as far as the eighth century. It was an extraordinary claim, implying as it did that the history of Pashto literature reached back further in time than Persian, thus supplanting the hold of Persian over the medieval Afghan past. Although it was later convincingly discredited through formal linguistic analysis, Habibi’s publication of the text under the title Pata Khazana (‘Hidden Treasure’) would (in Afghanistan at least) establish his reputation as a promoter of the wealth and antiquity of Afghanistan’s Pashto culture."
— Afghan History Through Afghan Eyes
From the 16th century, Pashto poetry become very popular among the Pashtuns. Some of those who wrote in Pashto are Bayazid Pir Roshan (a major inventor of the Pashto alphabet), Khushal Khan Khattak, Rahman Baba, Nazo Tokhi, and Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the modern state of Afghanistan or the Durrani Empire.

In modern times, noticing the incursion of Persian and Arabic vocabulary, there is a strong desire to "purify" Pashto by restoring its old vocabulary.[65][66][67]

Grammar​

Main article: Pashto grammar
Pashto is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language with split ergativity. Adjectives come before nouns. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for two genders (masc./fem.),[68] two numbers (sing./plur.), and four cases (direct, oblique, ablative and vocative). There is also an inflection for the subjunctive mood. The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: present, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, and past perfect. The possessor precedes the possessed in the genitive construction. The verb generally agrees with the subject in both transitive and intransitive sentences. An exception occurs when a completed action is reported in any of the past tenses (simple past, past progressive, present perfect, or past perfect). In such cases, the verb agrees with the subject if it is intransitive, but if it is transitive, it agrees with the object,[15] therefore Pashto shows a partly ergative behaviour. Unlike most other Indo-Iranian languages, Pashto uses all three types of adpositions – prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions.
...}
 
I have no opinion about Afghanistan, but it is wrong to say, "when ISLAM happened----the jewish communities ------got genocided".
Never did Moslems attack Jews for being Jews.
All the high ranking administrative jobs in Moslem governments were usually held by Jews.
The main administrator is called a vizier, and was almost always Jewish.
Jews were Mohammad's allies when capturing Mecca, and Jews defended Jerusalem from attacking Christian Crusaders.
The Moor employed Jewish administrators in the Iberian Peninsula, and that is why the Spanish Inquisition had so many Jews to harass after the Moors left.

As to Pashto, I don't know languages enough to say anything:

{...
Some linguists have argued that Pashto is descended from Avestan or a variety very similar to it.[55] However, the position that Pashto is a direct descendant of Avestan is not agreed upon. What scholars agree on is the fact that Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language sharing characteristics with Eastern Middle Iranian languages such as Bactrian, Khwarezmian and Sogdian.[56][57]

Strabo, who lived between 64 BC and 24 CE, explains that the tribes inhabiting the lands west of the Indus River were part of Ariana. This was around the time when the area inhabited by the Pashtuns was governed by the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. From the 3rd century CE onward, they are mostly referred to by the name Afghan (Abgan).[58][59][60][8]

Abdul Hai Habibi believe that the earliest modern Pashto work dates back to Amir Kror Suri of the early Ghurid period in the 8th century, and they use the writings found in Pata Khazana. Pə́ṭa Xazāná (پټه خزانه) is a Pashto manuscript[61] claimed to be written by Mohammad Hotak under the patronage of the Pashtun emperor Hussain Hotak in Kandahar; containing an anthology of Pashto poets. However, its authenticity is disputed by scholars such as David Neil MacKenzie and Lucia Serena Loi.[62][63] Nile Green comments in this regard:[64]


From the 16th century, Pashto poetry become very popular among the Pashtuns. Some of those who wrote in Pashto are Bayazid Pir Roshan (a major inventor of the Pashto alphabet), Khushal Khan Khattak, Rahman Baba, Nazo Tokhi, and Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the modern state of Afghanistan or the Durrani Empire.

In modern times, noticing the incursion of Persian and Arabic vocabulary, there is a strong desire to "purify" Pashto by restoring its old vocabulary.[65][66][67]

Grammar​

Main article: Pashto grammar
Pashto is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language with split ergativity. Adjectives come before nouns. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for two genders (masc./fem.),[68] two numbers (sing./plur.), and four cases (direct, oblique, ablative and vocative). There is also an inflection for the subjunctive mood. The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: present, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, and past perfect. The possessor precedes the possessed in the genitive construction. The verb generally agrees with the subject in both transitive and intransitive sentences. An exception occurs when a completed action is reported in any of the past tenses (simple past, past progressive, present perfect, or past perfect). In such cases, the verb agrees with the subject if it is intransitive, but if it is transitive, it agrees with the object,[15] therefore Pashto shows a partly ergative behaviour. Unlike most other Indo-Iranian languages, Pashto uses all three types of adpositions – prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions.
...}
I am not impressed with your extensive cut and paste activity, rigs. You KNOW nothing about
the history of jews in muslim lands------you, simply cut and paste from sites what might
just as well serve as material for Khutbah Jumaat feces flings. I am not at all impressed with
your cut and pastes on PASHTO------they are boring. HOWEVER ----I am really impressed
with your extreme ignorance on the experience of jews when ISLAM happened in the lands
in which they resided (and----almost entirely, do not reside anymore) My very own hubby
was born in a land which had a considerable and EDUCATED jewish population for more than
1000 years before the rapist of Mecca was born. They (the jewish population) was very
LITERATE and know their history and WROTE extensively. In fact I also know other people
with family legacies of people who FLED places when ISLAM HAPPENED. Like the Zoroastrians
of Iran-----lots ended up in MUMBAI (erstwhile Bombay) They know their history too.
If you want to know anything about the experience of jews post ISLAMIC INVASION----
(including in Spain) feel free to ask questions-------your readings are not doing it for you.
HOWEVER you do have a grasp on the same islamic versions that I heard from HUNDREDS
of muslim colleagues-----thus you are amusing. Interestingly, it is Pakistanis who LIKE to
claim that the AFGHANIS who just DO NOT LOOK LIKE THEM----are actually converted
jews. Of course they like to claim that ARABS are not really muslims, too. For more
bullshit, find a mosque that is attended by people from southeast Asia-----they use
ENGLISH-----so you can gain ALL KINDS OF BS from the weekly KHUTBAH JUMAAT feces
flings.
 
I am not impressed with your extensive cut and paste activity, rigs. You KNOW nothing about
the history of jews in muslim lands------you, simply cut and paste from sites what might
just as well serve as material for Khutbah Jumaat feces flings. I am not at all impressed with
your cut and pastes on PASHTO------they are boring. HOWEVER ----I am really impressed
with your extreme ignorance on the experience of jews when ISLAM happened in the lands
in which they resided (and----almost entirely, do not reside anymore) My very own hubby
was born in a land which had a considerable and EDUCATED jewish population for more than
1000 years before the rapist of Mecca was born. They (the jewish population) was very
LITERATE and know their history and WROTE extensively. In fact I also know other people
with family legacies of people who FLED places when ISLAM HAPPENED. Like the Zoroastrians
of Iran-----lots ended up in MUMBAI (erstwhile Bombay) They know their history too.
If you want to know anything about the experience of jews post ISLAMIC INVASION----
(including in Spain) feel free to ask questions-------your readings are not doing it for you.
HOWEVER you do have a grasp on the same islamic versions that I heard from HUNDREDS
of muslim colleagues-----thus you are amusing. Interestingly, it is Pakistanis who LIKE to
claim that the AFGHANIS who just DO NOT LOOK LIKE THEM----are actually converted
jews. Of course they like to claim that ARABS are not really muslims, too. For more
bullshit, find a mosque that is attended by people from southeast Asia-----they use
ENGLISH-----so you can gain ALL KINDS OF BS from the weekly KHUTBAH JUMAAT feces
flings.

Everyone tries to rewrite history, so there is a lot of propaganda out there.
But it is obvious that Jews followed Moslem expansion, such as the Iberian Peninsula, so then clearly Jews flourished more under Islam than Christianity than anything else.

As for Zoroastrians and Bahai being abused by Moslems in Iran, that likely has more to do with Persian aggression than Moslem beliefs.

And there were no "Islamic invasions".
There were Asian invaders, like the Mongols, Moghuls, and Turks, and African invaders like the Moors, but they were not Arabs and not really Moslem.
They pretended to adopt Islam, but only because that help solidify their power.
That is easy to prove.
For example, do they use Sharia law and stone adulterers?
If so then they are not Moslem, because the Quran is very clear that only means of execution allowed is beheading, because it is the quickest and least painful.
 
Everyone tries to rewrite history, so there is a lot of propaganda out there.
But it is obvious that Jews followed Moslem expansion, such as the Iberian Peninsula, so then clearly Jews flourished more under Islam than Christianity than anything else.

As for Zoroastrians and Bahai being abused by Moslems in Iran, that likely has more to do with Persian aggression than Moslem beliefs.

And there were no "Islamic invasions".
There were Asian invaders, like the Mongols, Moghuls, and Turks, and African invaders like the Moors, but they were not Arabs and not really Moslem.
They pretended to adopt Islam, but only because that help solidify their power.
That is easy to prove.
For example, do they use Sharia law and stone adulterers?
If so then they are not Moslem, because the Quran is very clear that only means of execution allowed is beheading, because it is the quickest and least painful.

You are demonstrating even MORE of your ignorance. Shariah law is the INTERPRETATION
of the koran and hadiths by KORANIC SCHOLARS-----not by you. Thanks for you
comments----I am reminded of the MANY DIFFERENT FLAVORS of islam to which I was
introduced right here in the USA------So many claimed, regarding the OTHER muslims---
"THEY ARE NOT REAL MUSLIMS" Iranians are particularly amusing----as far as they
are concerned IT IS THE IRANIAN who has the corner on authenticity ------although none
I met ever read the koran. So much for shiites. Sunni muslims in Pakistan entertain
themselves by doing DRIVE-BY shootings (like shooting ducks in a barrel) on shiites who
dare to practice a learned profession. Your "proof" regarding stoning, is idiotic. You
got a citation from the koran "NO STONING ALLOWED"? ----even better---lets not worry
about nuclear weapons in the hands of Iran because one jerk said "nuclear bomb is anti-
Muslim"
I will take this opportunity to clue you in as to why JEWS in muslim countries held
administrative positions------are you ready? Jews know how to read and write---a RARE
condition in most muslim societies of the past------the CULTURE being EMULATE AL NABI---
which includes the idea "just how important can reading and writing be"?----just manage
to sing-song the koran even if you do not know a word of arabic
 
You obviously never read the chapter, because the point was that in some societies, rape is how marriages were sanctioned.
And that was the point of this rape, the rapist wanted to marry the woman.
There was no plan "to rape more women".
let me help you-----rigs----MARRIAGE BY ABDUCTION is a WAY TO DO IT----but it is
usually a situation of MUTUAL CHOICE in order to overcome familial objections.
The Canaanites of Shechem and the jews were not on GOOD TERMS. If you read a bit
more------you will learn that JACOB was very much AGAINST the attack by Shimon and
Levi on the Shechem boys. I see no issue of "honor killing"----there is an issue of
the sort that bugged EZRA ------bad canaanite influences
 
You are demonstrating even MORE of your ignorance. Shariah law is the INTERPRETATION
of the koran and hadiths by KORANIC SCHOLARS-----not by you. Thanks for you
comments----I am reminded of the MANY DIFFERENT FLAVORS of islam to which I was
introduced right here in the USA------So many claimed, regarding the OTHER muslims---
"THEY ARE NOT REAL MUSLIMS" Iranians are particularly amusing----as far as they
are concerned IT IS THE IRANIAN who has the corner on authenticity ------although none
I met ever read the koran. So much for shiites. Sunni muslims in Pakistan entertain
themselves by doing DRIVE-BY shootings (like shooting ducks in a barrel) on shiites who
dare to practice a learned profession. Your "proof" regarding stoning, is idiotic. You
got a citation from the koran "NO STONING ALLOWED"? ----even better---lets not worry
about nuclear weapons in the hands of Iran because one jerk said "nuclear bomb is anti-
Muslim"
I will take this opportunity to clue you in as to why JEWS in muslim countries held
administrative positions------are you ready? Jews know how to read and write---a RARE
condition in most muslim societies of the past------the CULTURE being EMULATE AL NABI---
which includes the idea "just how important can reading and writing be"?----just manage
to sing-song the koran even if you do not know a word of arabic

The whole point of the Quran is that everyone is supposed to be literate so they can read it themselves.
And it says only beheading.

{...
However, there are no Quranic verse that supports the method of stoning in Islam among humans as punishment, but it is presented as a metaphor in Surah 27, Ayat 58, "And We rained upon them a rain [of stones], and evil was the rain of those who were warned" translated by Sahih International which also warns Muslims about possible punishments for sinning/committing a crime.[8] The roots of this method of execution are to be explored in pre-Islamic religions, especially in Judaism and Torah, in which stoning is a frequent method of execution.[9] That said, capital punishment by stoning for zina (extramarital sex) is prescribed in Hadith, the books most trusted in Islam after Quran, particularly in Kitab Al-Hudud.[10][11]
...}
 
The whole point of the Quran is that everyone is supposed to be literate so they can read it themselves.
And it says only beheading.

{...
However, there are no Quranic verse that supports the method of stoning in Islam among humans as punishment, but it is presented as a metaphor in Surah 27, Ayat 58, "And We rained upon them a rain [of stones], and evil was the rain of those who were warned" translated by Sahih International which also warns Muslims about possible punishments for sinning/committing a crime.[8] The roots of this method of execution are to be explored in pre-Islamic religions, especially in Judaism and Torah, in which stoning is a frequent method of execution.[9] That said, capital punishment by stoning for zina (extramarital sex) is prescribed in Hadith, the books most trusted in Islam after Quran, particularly in Kitab Al-Hudud.[10][11]
...}

AMAZING that out of hundreds of millions of muslims ----and tens of millions of
ILLITERATE muslims------the only person who "understands" that which is "in the koran"
is `~~~~~ rigs and Wiki "stoning"is a "frequent method of execution in Judaism" ?
since when? where? you got stats or at least a POLL amongst muslims? The form of
Judaism EXTANT in Israel today-----is PHARASAIC JUDAISM------must be lots of stonings
there. How did MOST MUSLIMS in the world become so ignorant of that which IS ISLAM?
Well maybe the islamic method of execution should be STICK A BIG KNIFE INTO
A NURSING MOTHER WHO WRITES JINGLES------al nabi liked that one
 

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