Arnold Toynbee writes in his study of civilizations about the Black Magi, imagine for a moment if that were done today? The cries would come, 'political correctness'. It would be equivalent to 'happy holiday', which while a sign of respect for others has been made into a tool to divide. Images and words so dominate the American mind today thought is nowhere to be found. Several times I have told posters and others that race is a myth. Race is a great divider but actually a myth.
"Our modern Western race-feeling was unknown in the Western Society in earlier times and has failed to assert itself in certain sections of this Western Society down to this day. During the so-called 'Dark Ages' and 'Middle Ages' - that is t say, during the ten centuries ending in about the last quarter of the fifteenth century of our era - the members of the Western Society, when they thought of Mankind as a whole, were accustomed to divide the human family into two categories, as we divide it nowadays. The principle of division, however, was utterly different. Instead of dividing Mankind, as we do, into white people and coloured people, our forefathers divided it into Christians and heathen; and we are bound to confess that their dichotomy was better than ours both intellectually and morally. It was better intellectually because a human being's religion is a vastly more important and significant factor in his life than the colour of his skin, and is therefore a vastly better criterion for purposes of classification. Again, the dichotomy into Christians and heathen is better morally than the dichotomy into white and coloured, because the gulf between religions, unlike the gulf between races, is not impassable. It is a division between sheep in the fold and sheep astray on the mountains, not between sheep and goats....In the eyes of the medieval Western Christian, when he looked abroad upon the world, the heathen, wandering unkempt in the wilderness, were neither incurably unclean nor irretrievably lost. Potentially, they were Christians like himself and he looked forward to the time when all lost sheep would be gathered into the fold.... " p91 'A Study of History' Abridged edition, Arnold Joseph Toynbee
'The Sapient Paradox'
"Archaeogenetic analysis of this kind is now widespread in anthropology and archaeology. It has been used to study the origin of specific languages and language families by considering the genetic relationships of their speakers. It has been used on the mtDNA from the bones of Neanderthal fossils to consider their relationship with our own species, and it has been used very effectively to consider the dates and the routes of the human dispersal or dispersals out of Africa.
The picture was summarized by the geneticist Peter Forster in 2004 in a clear and coherent way. On the basis of rntDNA analysis it can be asserted that all living humans are closely related, and descended from ancestors living in Africa some two hundred thousand [p77] years ago. Studies of the mutation rates for mtDNA now permit an approximate chronology that ties in reasonably well with the radiometric dating available for fossil remains. It turns out that our species did indeed emerge in Africa and that the "our-of-Africa" scenario is correct. The first and principal dispersal of humans ancestral to the living humans of today took place about sixty thousand years ago. The earliest fossil remains of Homo sapiens in Indonesia and Australia around forty-five thousand years ago support this view. 'The remarkable feature of all this DNA work illuminating the deep human past is that the work is based upon modern samples taken from living populations, and the analysis of these samples allows the reconstruction of prehistory: our past within us.
The results have further implications whose significance has not yet been sufficiently appreciated. In the first place the humans who dispersed out of Africa (as well as those who remained) were all very closely related. The physical (or racial) distinctions between different human groups in the world today must presumably have begun to develop from the time following The initial out-of-Africa dispersal of sixty thousand years ago. It is clear now that the human groups outside Africa are all descended from what are termed mtDNA haplogroups M. and N. It is possible now to follow in outline the story of the peopling of the globe by our species following this dispersal, using the evidence of mtDNA. The arrival of humans in Europe some forty thousand years ago can be traced-as can the first human population in America, although there is controversy there as to whether the results show a human arrival before about eighteen thousand years ago." 'Prehistory: The Making Of The Human Mind' by Colin Renfrew
Prehistory: The Making Of The Human Mind by Colin Renfrew
A Study of History by Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Adoration of the Magi
"Racism is not about how you look, it is about how people assign meaning to how you look." Robin D.G. Kelley
"Our modern Western race-feeling was unknown in the Western Society in earlier times and has failed to assert itself in certain sections of this Western Society down to this day. During the so-called 'Dark Ages' and 'Middle Ages' - that is t say, during the ten centuries ending in about the last quarter of the fifteenth century of our era - the members of the Western Society, when they thought of Mankind as a whole, were accustomed to divide the human family into two categories, as we divide it nowadays. The principle of division, however, was utterly different. Instead of dividing Mankind, as we do, into white people and coloured people, our forefathers divided it into Christians and heathen; and we are bound to confess that their dichotomy was better than ours both intellectually and morally. It was better intellectually because a human being's religion is a vastly more important and significant factor in his life than the colour of his skin, and is therefore a vastly better criterion for purposes of classification. Again, the dichotomy into Christians and heathen is better morally than the dichotomy into white and coloured, because the gulf between religions, unlike the gulf between races, is not impassable. It is a division between sheep in the fold and sheep astray on the mountains, not between sheep and goats....In the eyes of the medieval Western Christian, when he looked abroad upon the world, the heathen, wandering unkempt in the wilderness, were neither incurably unclean nor irretrievably lost. Potentially, they were Christians like himself and he looked forward to the time when all lost sheep would be gathered into the fold.... " p91 'A Study of History' Abridged edition, Arnold Joseph Toynbee
'The Sapient Paradox'
"Archaeogenetic analysis of this kind is now widespread in anthropology and archaeology. It has been used to study the origin of specific languages and language families by considering the genetic relationships of their speakers. It has been used on the mtDNA from the bones of Neanderthal fossils to consider their relationship with our own species, and it has been used very effectively to consider the dates and the routes of the human dispersal or dispersals out of Africa.
The picture was summarized by the geneticist Peter Forster in 2004 in a clear and coherent way. On the basis of rntDNA analysis it can be asserted that all living humans are closely related, and descended from ancestors living in Africa some two hundred thousand [p77] years ago. Studies of the mutation rates for mtDNA now permit an approximate chronology that ties in reasonably well with the radiometric dating available for fossil remains. It turns out that our species did indeed emerge in Africa and that the "our-of-Africa" scenario is correct. The first and principal dispersal of humans ancestral to the living humans of today took place about sixty thousand years ago. The earliest fossil remains of Homo sapiens in Indonesia and Australia around forty-five thousand years ago support this view. 'The remarkable feature of all this DNA work illuminating the deep human past is that the work is based upon modern samples taken from living populations, and the analysis of these samples allows the reconstruction of prehistory: our past within us.
The results have further implications whose significance has not yet been sufficiently appreciated. In the first place the humans who dispersed out of Africa (as well as those who remained) were all very closely related. The physical (or racial) distinctions between different human groups in the world today must presumably have begun to develop from the time following The initial out-of-Africa dispersal of sixty thousand years ago. It is clear now that the human groups outside Africa are all descended from what are termed mtDNA haplogroups M. and N. It is possible now to follow in outline the story of the peopling of the globe by our species following this dispersal, using the evidence of mtDNA. The arrival of humans in Europe some forty thousand years ago can be traced-as can the first human population in America, although there is controversy there as to whether the results show a human arrival before about eighteen thousand years ago." 'Prehistory: The Making Of The Human Mind' by Colin Renfrew
Prehistory: The Making Of The Human Mind by Colin Renfrew
A Study of History by Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Adoration of the Magi
"Racism is not about how you look, it is about how people assign meaning to how you look." Robin D.G. Kelley
