The evolution of the horse.
The evolution of the horse is well documented. What isn't well documented is an alternative explanation as to where the modern horse came from.
If you have scientific evidence that the modern horse suddenly appeared on earth, fully formed and in its present state, as a species,
and that it has no ancestors, in fact, originally, doesn't even have parents,
then you should post it.
"The evolution of the horse is well documented."
No it isn't.
This is one more fabrication that the ignorant accept.
Raise your hoof.
Let's see how difficult it is to destroy any idea that you have knowledge or cachet about this subject:
a. "We are now about 120 years after Darwin and the knowledge of the fossil record has been greatly expanded. We now have a quarter of a million fossil species but the situation hasn't changed much -- ironically, we have even fewer examples of evolutionary transition than we had in Darwin's time. By this I mean that some of the classic cases of
Darwinian change in the fossil record such as the evolution of the horse in North America, have had to be discarded or modified as a result of more detailed information." (Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, Chicago, 50:22-29
b.
The history of the horse does not show a gradual transition regularly spaced in time and locality, and neither is the fossil record totally complete.
Soper (1997 p.890), in Biological Science
c. There are several
huge gaps in the fossil record relating to the evolution of horses. Now...if you need to support Darwin....you need to ignore the gaps. But scientists don'd ignore them. Numerous papers have commented on them, including:
1. MacFadden, B.J., Cladistic analysis of primitive equids, with notes on other perissodactyls, Systematic Zoology 25:1–14, March 1976; and Simpson, G.G.,Horses, Oxford University Press, New York, 122–123, 203, 1951
d. First, horse evolution didn't proceed in a straight line. We now know of many other branches of horse evolution. Our familiar Equus is merely one twig on a once-flourishing bush of equine species.
We only have the illusion of straight-line evolution because Equus is the only twig that survived. (See Gould's essay "Life's Little Joke" in Bully for Brontosaurus for more on this topic.)
And here is Stephen Gould laughing at you:
'The model of the ladder is much more than
merely wrong. It never could provide the promised illustration of evolution progressive and triumphant-- for it could only be applied to unsuccessful lineages.
Stephen Jay Gould wrote in
his essay "Life's Little Joke" which appears in Bully for Brontosaurus.
Do you understand yet????
It's a guess....a belief.
And you accept it on faith: the religion of Darwinism.
And another creationist lie.
Horse Evolution
by Paul Garner BSc (Hons), FGS
Introduction
The fossil record of horses has often featured in the scientific debate about origins, with many biologists regarding it as important evidence in support of evolutionary theory. For instance, in the textbook Biological Science, Soper (1997 p.890) says:
The horse provides one of the best examples of evolutionary history (phylogeny) based on an almost complete fossil record found in North American sedimentary deposits from the early Eocene to the present.
However, reading through the more complete record of biological description, we find:
Summary
The evidence of fossils, along with the study of horse embryos, indicates that the horse series is a genuine record of biological change over time. Evolutionary scientists point to this as evidence of Darwinian evolution. However, non-evolutionary scientists say that this simply records changes within the horse basic type and that there is little evidence to suggest that horses developed from a non-horse ancestor. Since the magnitude and type of change represented by the horse series can be accommodated by both evolutionary and non-evolutionary theories it cannot, therefore, distinguish between them. At best, in terms of the origins debate, the horse series is neutral data.
References
Cavanaugh, D.P., Wood, T.C., Wise, K.P. 2003. Fossil Equidae: a monobaraminic, stratomorphic series, in: Ivey, R.L., editor. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Creationism. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, pp.143-153.
Ewart, J.C. 1894. The development of the skeleton of the limbs of the horse, with observations on polydactyly. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 28:342-69.
Garner P. 1998. ItÂ’s a horse, of course! A creationist view of phylogenetic change in the equid family. Origins (25):13-23.
Hulbert, R.C. 1988. Calippus and Protohippus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Miocene (Barstovian-early Hemphillian) of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum of Biological Sciences 32:221-340.
MacFadden, B.J. 1984. Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 179:1-196.
MacFadden, B.J. 1987. Fossil horses from ‘Eohippus’ (Hyracotherium) to Equus: scaling, Cope’s law, and the evolution of body size. Paleobiology 12:355-69.
MacFadden, B.J. 1992. Fossil horses: systematics, paleobiology, and evolution of the family Equidae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Marsh, O.C. 1879. Polydactyle horses, recent and extinct. American Journal of Science 17:499-505.
Marsh, O.C. 1892. Recent polydactyle horses. American Journal of Science 43:339-55.
Roberts, M., Reiss, M., Monger, G. 2000. Advanced Biology. Nelson.
Scherer, S., editor. 1993. Typen des Lebens. Pascal-Verlag, Berlin. [German language publication]
Soper, R., editor. 1997. Biological Science 1 and 2. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Stein-Cadenbach, H. 2003. Hybriden, Chromosomenstrukturen und Artbildung bei Pferden (Equidae), in: Scherer, S., editor. Typen des Lebens. Pascal-Verlag, Berlin, pp.225-244. [German language publication]
Struthers, J. 1893. On the development of the bones of the foot of the horse, and of digital bones generally and on a case of polydactyly in the horse. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 28:51-62.
Webb, S.D., Hulbert, R.C.. 1986. Systematics and evolution of Pseudhipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains, in: Flanagan, K.M., Lillegraven, J.A., editors. Vertebrates, phylogeny, and philosophy. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, Special Paper 3.
Wise, K.P. 1990. Baraminology: a young-earth creation biosystematic method, in: Walsh, R.E., Brooks, C.L., editors. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creationism: Volume II. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, pp.345-358.
Wood, T.C., Murray, M.J. 2003. Understanding the Pattern of Life: Origins and Organization of the Species. Broadman and Holman Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee.