Never tell me America is racist: An open letter to protesters

[Asclepias]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

All intelligent people agree. Racism is americas greatest disease and its a disease of the white man.

Lol. "Disease of the white man."

Only idiots like you think it is purely confined to white people.

Sorry but if you dont mind I think I will go with the more intelligent person on this one.

Einstein should have stuck to physics. Being unaware that racism was practiced by many races and many civilizations of the past. Not just white men and white civilization.

Sorry, but being intelligent does not make you correct.

" Sorry, but being intelligent does not make you correct. "

By that token being a idiot like you means youre always wrong.

Thanks for demonstrating your inability to commit logic.

Thanks for your commitment to remaining a miscreant.

Triggered.

Dont be triggered. Well at least dont announce it. I may be tempted to rub it in your face.

 

[Asclepias]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

I never said anything about the concepts being racist because those concepts came from the Iroquois nation. The institution was hypocritical and racist. If it wasnt why were Black people only 3/5 of a human and had no rights that were to be respected by whites? Remember this?

"[African Americans] had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold, and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever a profit could be made by it."
- Roger Taney

Those are the most damming words uttered in the history of this country and direct contradiction to your bullshit narrative.

That was 160 years ago. It's no longer relevant.

it may not be relevant to you but you dont count for shit anywhere.

After you've been bleating for 160 years, it's time to get over it. You're mistaken if you believe a majority of American support all this looting and riot.

I'll get over when I say its time to get over it. Youre still whining about confederate traitor statues so dont be a hypocrite.

 

[Rye Catcher]

Never tell me America is racist.

Do you see how many white people are protesting with you? Do you see how many white cops are showing solidarity with you?

NEVER tell me America is racist.

Ask any black person who lived during the civil rights era. They didn't have white support, if they did, it was minimal support at most. They did not have a broad coalition of support you do now in the 1950s and '60s.

Not only do you have the support of hundreds of millions of white people all across America, but the WHOLE WORLD has also come to stand behind you. I will stand behind you.

But never tell me America is racist.

Hate to break it to you....America is racist. Its even in the original document used to form it.

Hence the amendments abolishing slavery passed later. Of course slavery should never have been brought to this country in the first place.

Not the Emancipation Proclamation nor any Amendment or statutory law has never made a dent in racism and other forms of bigotry in our country; only when hate and fear of black men are no longer passed down from parent to child will acceptance be possible.

Anyone familiar with the postings on this message board cannot deny that racism exists today, covertly and even overtly in the comments of the supporters of Trump, and those who vote for GOP members of Congress.

It's time for patriots to acknowledge that all people have certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness and the nation's leader strives to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.

It's past time for all of us to enjoy equal rights, equal opportunities and equal justice, something denied by the establishment to Native Americans, Chinese and Japanese, The Irish, migrants from Mexico and other American nations seeking a better and safer life; and to blacks, many of whom are descendants of slaves who had been in the United States before it was created.

Don't preach to me, you half baked civil rights zealot. If you can do nothing but quote the Declaration and assault me with an offering of preachy words as a solution to the supposed scourge of racism in this country, you are part of the problem. And you are wasting my time.

You are the problem, and somewhere in my "preach" you know it; otherwise you would not default to an ad hominem. Your use of the phrase, "civil rights zealot" exposes your intolerance, not only of minorities but those of us who have read and comprehend the seminal documents from three centuries; documents which you seem to want to cover, to not expose the moral compass left to us in the sage words in the Preamble and the Declaration of Independence.

Justice will not be served until those of us not effected by injustice are as pissed off as those who have been effected. Today we have seen people of all colors, ages and ethnicity who have have not personally been faced with injustice marching in protest, putting themselves in harms way to expose their outrage of the violence, used by the supposed peace officers and the disaffected mostly youthful looters and vandals. The peaceful posters are now in the Millions, and they will vote. Keep in mind at the moment 80% of our citizens believe our country is out of control:

Poll Finds 80% Of Americans Think Country Is 'Out Of Control'

Former Secretary of State Colin Powell: "I certainly cannot, in any way, support President Trump this year."

www.newsy.com

" The NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll released Sunday found differences depending on political party. Still, 92% of Democrats and 66% of Republicans think the country is out of control. Of those who identify as independents, 78% said the current situation has gone haywire."

There you go preaching again.

This will give you an "F" in freshman English, even in a Jr. College. There, by the way, it is called "bone head English. Do you know what a rebuttal is, and what an expository essay might be?

 

[Rye Catcher]

Your mind is a blank page

Better a blank page than something set in stone. Better to be flexible than rigid. Like you.

Conservatives are rigid, liberals are not. JFK made that clear:

“If by a "Liberal" they mean someone who looks ahead and not behind, someone who welcomes new ideas without rigid reactions, someone who cares about the welfare of the people-their health, their housing, their schools, their jobs, their civil rights and their civil liberties-someone who believes we can break through the stalemate and suspicions that grip us in our policies abroad, if that is what they mean by a "Liberal", then I'm proud to say I'm a "Liberal.”

 

[TemplarKormac]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

 

[Asclepias]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

 

[Juicey Omelette]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

Just curious after looking at your replies for awhile on here..What happened that turned you into a hate mongering racist? Was it actually something, or did a white guy just not hold a door open for you?

 

[Asclepias]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

Just curious after looking at your replies for awhile on here..What happened that turned you into a hate mongering racist? Was it actually something, or did a white guy just not hold a door open for you?

Who told you I was a racist? Couldnt be anyone that actually knows me.

 

[Juicey Omelette]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

Just curious after looking at your replies for awhile on here..What happened that turned you into a hate mongering racist? Was it actually something, or did a white guy just not hold a door open for you?

Who told you I was a racist? Couldnt be anyone that actually knows me.

So.. nothing? You just like to be?.. Cool

 

[Asclepias]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

Just curious after looking at your replies for awhile on here..What happened that turned you into a hate mongering racist? Was it actually something, or did a white guy just not hold a door open for you?

Who told you I was a racist? Couldnt be anyone that actually knows me.

So.. nothing? You just like to be?.. Cool

Cool

 

[bripat9643]

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Your sophistry is noted, the facts are your #1 and #2 have not prevented discrimination, did not secure equal opportunities, equal rights and equal justice to anyone; there still exists racism and bigotry all across the US and on the Internet, especially when anonymity allows for it.

Racism and bigotry have existed since time immemorial. What makes you believe it can be eliminated in the United States?

 

[bripat9643]

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Slavery existed in every country in the world then. Why do you imagine the Founding Fathers were supposed to perform this miracle?

The problem with you leftwing douchebags is that you place absurd standards on the Founding Fathers. Everyone else gets a pass.

You're mistaken if you believe ending slavery was their job.

 

[bripat9643]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

All intelligent people agree. Racism is americas greatest disease and its a disease of the white man.

Lol. "Disease of the white man."

Only idiots like you think it is purely confined to white people.

Sorry but if you dont mind I think I will go with the more intelligent person on this one.

Einstein should have stuck to physics. Being unaware that racism was practiced by many races and many civilizations of the past. Not just white men and white civilization.

Sorry, but being intelligent does not make you correct.

" Sorry, but being intelligent does not make you correct. "

By that token being a idiot like you means youre always wrong.

Thanks for demonstrating your inability to commit logic.

Thanks for your commitment to remaining a miscreant.

Pointing out irrationality makes you a "miscreant?"

You specifically being yourself is what makes you a miscreant.

In other words, you can't explain it.

 

[TemplarKormac]

Your mind is a blank page

Better a blank page than something set in stone. Better to be flexible than rigid. Like you.

Conservatives are rigid, liberals are not. JFK made that clear:

“If by a "Liberal" they mean someone who looks ahead and not behind, someone who welcomes new ideas without rigid reactions, someone who cares about the welfare of the people-their health, their housing, their schools, their jobs, their civil rights and their civil liberties-someone who believes we can break through the stalemate and suspicions that grip us in our policies abroad, if that is what they mean by a "Liberal", then I'm proud to say I'm a "Liberal.”

 

[bripat9643]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

I never said anything about the concepts being racist because those concepts came from the Iroquois nation. The institution was hypocritical and racist. If it wasnt why were Black people only 3/5 of a human and had no rights that were to be respected by whites? Remember this?

"[African Americans] had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold, and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever a profit could be made by it."
- Roger Taney

Those are the most damming words uttered in the history of this country and direct contradiction to your bullshit narrative.

That was 160 years ago. It's no longer relevant.

it may not be relevant to you but you dont count for shit anywhere.

After you've been bleating for 160 years, it's time to get over it. You're mistaken if you believe a majority of American support all this looting and riot.

I'll get over when I say its time to get over it. Youre still whining about confederate traitor statues so dont be a hypocrite.

Then don't get over it, but don't expect me to give a flying fuck about your crying. I whine about confederate statues because you and your douchebag friends are tearing them down. This happened yesterday, not 160 years ago.

 

[TemplarKormac]

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified.

Then no equality for you. Ever.

That would be the consequence of the Constitution never being ratified.

You possess such total, complete ignorance of the ramifications of what you say.

Go retake a civics class and tell me if it would have been possible to ratify the Constitution with a ban on slavery and racism.

You either value the constitution, or you are so entrenched in your argument that it isn't valuable to you--just convenient.

 

[bripat9643]

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Actually we have disproved every claim you have made. You're dreadfully ignorant.

I would LOOOOVE to see that.

You show us the date that racism actually ended in America and peer reviewed evidence of it's elimination.

Dates. And sure.

April 12, 1861 - The Civil War begins with the
Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. South Carolina.

January 1, 1863 - Abraham Lincoln issues Proclamation 95, The Emancipation Proclamation

April 9, 1865 - Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House

May 5, 1865 - Jefferson Davis dissolves the Confederacy in Washington, Georgia

May 10, 1865 - Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops

April 9, 1866 - The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by congress, but was not enforced due to lack of constitutional power by congress to enforce it.

August 20, 1866 - President Andrew Johnson declares an official end to the Civil War

July 9, 1868 - Ratification of the 14th Amendment

February 3, 1870 - Ratification of the 15th Amendment, opened the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be legally enforced

May 31, 1870 - Ulysses S. Grant signs the Enforcement Act of 1870, subsequently enforcing the CRA of 1866

April 3, 1944 - In Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," which excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional.

May 3, 1948 - In Shelley v. Kraemer, the United States Supreme Court ruled that lower courts could not enforce restrictive housing covenants.

July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, which stated, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

May 17, 1954 - In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and that "the plaintiffs and others similarly situated… are … deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." The decision outlawed segregation in all public schools in the United States.

September 25, 1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, after unsuccessfully trying to persuade Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus to give up his efforts to block desegregation at Central High. Faubus and a mob of whites were forced to allow nine African American children to attend school on this day.

May 6, 1960 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which prohibited intimidation of black voters and gave judges the power to appoint referees to oversee voter registration.

March 6, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandated that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.

January 23, 1964 - The 24th Amendment is ratified, abolishing the poll tax, which had been instituted in southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote.

July 2, 1964 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act

June 4, 1965 - In a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson frames the philosophy underlying affirmative action, making the assertion that civil rights laws alone were not enough to remedy the effects of past discrimination.

August 6, 1965 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965

June 12, 1967 - Loving v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court rules that prohibiting interracial marriages was unconstitutional.

August 30, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to serve as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

April 11, 1968 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of most housing units in the country.

April 20, 1971 - The United States Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving the integration of public schools.



Want more?

I can give you more. Or you can bow out. Gracefully.

Racism did not end on any of those dates.

Lincoln signed words on a piece of paper but were those words actually honored?

Not really.

At the time of "emancipation" 80 percent of Americas GNP was tied to slavery. America, not just the south. Blacks got none of the money. In January of 1865, Special Field Order 15 was issued. Special Field Orders No. 15 - Wikipedia In July 1865, Circular 13, Resource Sheet #7 was issued by General Howard which fully authorized the lease of 40 acres of land to the newly freed slaves. As a result of this action 40,000 former slaves began work on several hundred thousand acres of land.

President Andrew Johnson killed that by his doing so removed those 40,000 blacks off that land and destroyed any income they could make. Meanwhile Johnson advocated for the homestead act and wanted to take plantation land and distribute it to whites without money.

Johnson pardoned most of the confederate leaders and they regained their prior positions of state leadership. By doing this, Johnson unleashed a reign of terror on blacks that really was nothing short of attempted ethnic cleansing. Blacks were beaten, scalped, killed, set on fire with their bodies left in the streets to rot.

A representative from the Johnson administration traveled the south and reported seeing black women scalped, or had their ears cut off, thrown into rivers and drowned. Black men and boys were clubbed, beaten, shot, some chained on trees and burned to death. State to state this man witnessed the stench of dead decomposing black bodies hanging from tree limbs, lying in ditches, and piled up on the roadways.

But blacks were free, right?

Three months after Sherman issued his Field Orders, No. 15, the U.S. Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau for the purpose of ensuring the welfare of millions of slaves being freed by the war.

One task of the Freedmen's Bureau was to be the management of lands confiscated from those who had rebelled against the United States. The intent of Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, was to break up the plantations and redistribute the land so former slaves could have their own small farms.

Andrew Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865. And Johnson, on May 28, 1865, issued a proclamation of pardon and amnesty to citizens in the South who would take an oath of allegiance.

As part of the pardon process, lands confiscated during the war would be returned to white landowners. So while the Radical Republicans had fully intended for there to be a massive redistribution of land from former slave owners to former slaves under Reconstruction, Johnson's policy effectively thwarted that.

And by late 1865 the policy of granting the coastal lands in Georgia to freed slaves had run into serious roadblocks. An article in the New York Times on December 20, 1865 described the situation: the former owners of the land were demanding its return, and the policy of President Andrew Johnson was to give the land back to them.

It has been estimated that approximately 40,000 former slaves received grants of land under Sherman's order. But the land was taken away from them.

Sharecropping Became the Reality for Freed Slaves
Denied the opportunity to own their own small farms, most former slaves were forced to live under the system of sharecropping.

Life as a sharecropper generally meant living in poverty. And sharecropping would have been a bitter disappointment to people who once believed they could become independent farmers.


Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage.

Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment.

So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity.

Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region.

Beginning of the Sharecropping System
Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers.

The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy.

Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages.

Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of "forty acres and a mule."

In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters.

Yeah, figures you aren't satisfied. Look at you living your past as if it were your present. Time to snap back to reality pal. You need to understand America is a far less racist country than you think it is.

" far less racist "

That wasnt your original claim. Now youre back pedaling.

No I'm not.

You are putting words in my mouth. Again. Like I said even OldLady got what I was trying to say. You are too dense to get that.

You absolutely 100 percent cannot be helped.

Yes you are back pedaling. Just calling it to your attention.

Once again, you fail to point out how I am backpedaling.

Sure. I'll point it out.

You said to never tell you that america is racist. Then you said....

"America is a far less racist"

Youre back pedaling from your original position and its ok. You looked like a fool for saying it in the first place.

The institution and concepts America was founded on are not racist, but keep convincing yourself that I said something I didn't say.

Actually they were. That's why the 3/5's compromise was written in the constitution.

Then we have this:

Naturalization Act of 1790 - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Both of which were repealed. You have no idea what you're talking about.

1) The 3/5ths compromise was repealed by the 13th Amendment. That's it, that's all.

2) United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) granted Indians and Chinese full citizenship, effectively repealing the Naturalization Acts that had been passed prior.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

How can you repeal racism that you just said didnt exist?

I am making the contention that the concepts and institutions and then and now are not racist. It was unfortunate that the people who conceived them were.

Notice how they made room for future generations to interpret those institutions and concepts however they saw fit, without cementing America's so-called racism in stone or making it difficult for them to undo unjust laws, like the ones you and IM2 keep citing.

Thats a retarded contention that happens to be extremely wrong. The entire framework of this country was based on racism and not much has changed to this day.

Utter horseshit. Would you prefer that slaves were counted as whole persons for the purpose of Congressional representation? That would have given the slave states even more power in the federal government.

Yes horseshit. I would rather they werent enslaved. All men are created equal.

Imagine the Confederate States holding more sway over the government at a time in American history when it was critical for slavery to be ended?

What a token response from you.

It was critical to end slavery when the founding racists punted on taking action. If they had done their job at that time we most likely would not be dealing with a racist america today.

Yeah sure, and then the founders would never have ratified the constitution. Typical of you to put everyone in a no-win situation on race.

Keep deluding yourself though.

Tough shit. I could give a flying fuck about the constitution being ratified. If youre going to do something you do it right. Dont bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like youre an honorable person. The founders were racist. They founded a racist country and that country is still steeped in racism to this very second.

Just curious after looking at your replies for awhile on here..What happened that turned you into a hate mongering racist? Was it actually something, or did a white guy just not hold a door open for you?

Who told you I was a racist? Couldnt be anyone that actually knows me.

Your racism is quite plain. You even tried to claim that the ancient Egyptians were black.

 

[TemplarKormac]

If you're going to do something you do it right. Don't bullshit me with flowery words and expect me to feel like you're an honorable person.

Go on, just show us how unreasonable you can be. Don't expect anyone to sympathize with you or your cause afterward.

 

[Godboy]

Never tell me America is racist.

Do you see how many white people are protesting with you? Do you see how many white cops are showing solidarity with you?

NEVER tell me America is racist.

Ask any black person who lived during the civil rights era. They didn't have white support, if they did, it was minimal support at most. They did not have a broad coalition of support you do now in the 1950s and '60s.

Not only do you have the support of hundreds of millions of white people all across America, but the WHOLE WORLD has also come to stand behind you. I will stand behind you.

But never tell me America is racist.

Hate to break it to you....America is racist. Its even in the original document used to form it.

Do you have a plan to get rid of the racists like yourself? I believe there will always be people like you. Protesting wont stop racism anymore than it would stop pedophiles.

 

[NewsVine_Mariyam]

The fact that its in there at all tells me the government endorsed slavery, therefore America was and still is a racist nation.

Guilt by association.

Your argument is invalid.

You completely ignored the fact that the government reformed itself, it admitted its sins and atoned for them, you seemingly are devoid of forgiveness.

How did our government atone for 181 years of racial hatred? When did it apologize and what specifically has it done to atone for it's sins, because some of the civil rights legislation is still pretty wobbly.

Why should my government "apoligize" for racial hatred when I had nothing to do with it?

Are you your government?

No. Your point? If my government apologized for racism, then it would be doing so in my name. Anyone who supports that can go fuck himself.

Well which one is it because you're giving yourself WAY too much credit.

On one hand you all state that you're not racist, you never had slaves nor did your ancestors therefore you have nothing to apologize for. Fine, but our government was and did. They are the entitiy that did the damage and allowed damage to be done by others therefore they are the correct entity to make amends and apologize.

The apology is for the wrong done and allowed by them, it has nothing to do with you and honestly there is nothing you can do about it. Except leave I guess.