VW had a union shop in New Stanton, PA, to make the VW Rabbit. The union made it impossible to turn a profit, and VW shut it down. It is worth noting that the work culture in New Stanton was "coal miner" culture, in which wildcat strikes were frequent and pointless. Coal miners - back in that day - would strike any time any member had a gripe. The miners made such good pay that they just laughed it off, but you can't run an assembly line like that.