Who Are The Palestinians? Part 2

[RoccoR]

Challenger, et al,

Well, let's see if we can help.

Sovereignty is established by the nation that will place a claim sovereignty over a specific territory. By claim, we mean, Israel states its intention to extend and defense it exclusive jurisdiction.

The [United Nations] Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members” (UN Charter, Article 2.1). This principle was elaborated in the 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law (GA Res 2625(XXV)(1970)) in the following terms:

All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community, notwithstanding differences of an economic, social, political or other nature.

In particular, sovereign equality includes the following elements:

(a) States are juridically equal;

(b) Each state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty;

(c) Each state has the duty to respect the personality of other states;

(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of the state are inviolable;

(e) Each state has the right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems;

(f) Each state has the duty to comply fully and in good faith with its international obligations and to live in peace with other states.”

Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's.

This is interesting. Can you provide a link or other information, I could look up as to when and how exactly Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory it had captured and occupied by 1948-9?

(REFERENCES)

I generally start my my research from the standpoint of what the Arab Palestinians believe to be true.

• PLO-NAD (Borders)
​

It is also important to understand what was discussed. Included in the recognition process, and enclosed as part of A/RES/273 (III) 11 MAY 1949, were TWO important notions and references: 1) The Declaration and Explanations, and 2) implementation of the of resolutions [A/RES/181 (II) and A/RES/194 (III)]:

• Recalling its resolutions of 29 November 1947 and 11 December 1948 and taking note of the declarations and explanations made by the representative of the Government of Israel before the ad hoc Political Committee in respect of the implementation of the said resolutions. Including the State of Israel, in its 1949 form, which Mr. C. MALIK (Lebanese Representative) brought to the floor of the Assembly for examination and discussion, and which Lebanon (and other members of the Arab League) believed were in direct contravention to the recommendations of the United Nations in at least 3 important respects:

∆ In its attitude on the problem of Arab refugees,
∆ On the delimitation of its territorial boundaries,
∆ On the question of Jerusalem.
​

And it is important to the discussion on the position of the outcome of the Armistice in 1949:

History - The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unification of the Two Banks:

As a result of the war, many Palestinian Arabs from the Jordanian-controlled areas found that union with Jordan was of vital importance to the preservation of Arab control over the “West Bank” territories which had not fallen to the Israelis. Consequently, in December 1948, a group of Palestinian leaders and notables from the West Bank convened a historic conference in Jericho, where they called for King Abdullah to take immediate steps to unite the two banks of the Jordan into a single state under his leadership.

On April 11, 1950, elections were held for a new Jordanian parliament in which the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were equally represented. Thirteen days later, Parliament unanimously approved a motion to unite the two banks of the Jordan River, constitutionally expanding the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in order to safeguard what was left of the Arab territory of Palestine from further Zionist expansion.
​

(COMMENT)

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability) (See complete citation below) is inherent to the government of Israel. It is not awarded by an outside authority and it is not a contract between authorities. Sovereignty:

1) It is that influence of governance that extends supreme dominion, exclusive authority, and jurisdiction over a territory.
2) The supreme political authority of the Independent State of Israel.
3) A sovereign state "is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to the external authority of any foreign power; without its consent.
​

Most Respectfully,
R

• Brahm, Eric. "Sovereignty." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2004 <Sovereignty | Beyond Intractability>.
• Posted 24th November 2012 by abdul qadir Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty. International law generally recognizes five modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty,
• State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty, Dr. WALID ABDULRAHIM, Professor of Law, Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Law and Political Science​

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability)

Do you mean like this? From your link.

(1) Occupation
: When a particular territory is not under the authority of any other state, a state can establish its sovereignty over such territory by occupation. The territory may never have belonged to any state, or it may have been abandoned by the previous sovereign. The PCIJ( permanent court of international justice) held that the occupation to be effective must consist of the following two elements
(i) intention to occupy. Such intention must be formally expressed and it must be permanent.
(ii) occupation should be peaceful, continuous.​

(COMMENT)

You will notice that there are other examples that are closer to the situation.

(2) Annexation: Annexation means to incorporate (territory) into the domain of a country. Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized by one state. It can also imply a certain measure of coercion, expansionism or unilateralism. e.g 1961 annexation of Goa. Annexation of Golan Heights by Israel in 1967.
​

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation. The aggrieved parties were Egypt and Jordan. And the settlement was made by treaty.

I recommend you read the set of PCIJ paper, specifically 3.1.2. Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity . It will give you some insight into the depth and breadth of the topic.

Also, the territory inside the maintained borders of Israel have been peaceful for a very significant period. The Hostile Arab Palestinians are outside the maintained border; largely in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel has not stated any intention of annexing either areas.

Most Respectfully,
R

 

[P F Tinmore]

Challenger, et al,

Well, let's see if we can help.

Sovereignty is established by the nation that will place a claim sovereignty over a specific territory. By claim, we mean, Israel states its intention to extend and defense it exclusive jurisdiction.

The [United Nations] Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members” (UN Charter, Article 2.1). This principle was elaborated in the 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law (GA Res 2625(XXV)(1970)) in the following terms:

All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community, notwithstanding differences of an economic, social, political or other nature.

In particular, sovereign equality includes the following elements:

(a) States are juridically equal;

(b) Each state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty;

(c) Each state has the duty to respect the personality of other states;

(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of the state are inviolable;

(e) Each state has the right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems;

(f) Each state has the duty to comply fully and in good faith with its international obligations and to live in peace with other states.”

Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's.

This is interesting. Can you provide a link or other information, I could look up as to when and how exactly Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory it had captured and occupied by 1948-9?

(REFERENCES)

I generally start my my research from the standpoint of what the Arab Palestinians believe to be true.

• PLO-NAD (Borders)
​

It is also important to understand what was discussed. Included in the recognition process, and enclosed as part of A/RES/273 (III) 11 MAY 1949, were TWO important notions and references: 1) The Declaration and Explanations, and 2) implementation of the of resolutions [A/RES/181 (II) and A/RES/194 (III)]:

• Recalling its resolutions of 29 November 1947 and 11 December 1948 and taking note of the declarations and explanations made by the representative of the Government of Israel before the ad hoc Political Committee in respect of the implementation of the said resolutions. Including the State of Israel, in its 1949 form, which Mr. C. MALIK (Lebanese Representative) brought to the floor of the Assembly for examination and discussion, and which Lebanon (and other members of the Arab League) believed were in direct contravention to the recommendations of the United Nations in at least 3 important respects:

∆ In its attitude on the problem of Arab refugees,
∆ On the delimitation of its territorial boundaries,
∆ On the question of Jerusalem.
​

And it is important to the discussion on the position of the outcome of the Armistice in 1949:

History - The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unification of the Two Banks:

As a result of the war, many Palestinian Arabs from the Jordanian-controlled areas found that union with Jordan was of vital importance to the preservation of Arab control over the “West Bank” territories which had not fallen to the Israelis. Consequently, in December 1948, a group of Palestinian leaders and notables from the West Bank convened a historic conference in Jericho, where they called for King Abdullah to take immediate steps to unite the two banks of the Jordan into a single state under his leadership.

On April 11, 1950, elections were held for a new Jordanian parliament in which the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were equally represented. Thirteen days later, Parliament unanimously approved a motion to unite the two banks of the Jordan River, constitutionally expanding the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in order to safeguard what was left of the Arab territory of Palestine from further Zionist expansion.
​

(COMMENT)

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability) (See complete citation below) is inherent to the government of Israel. It is not awarded by an outside authority and it is not a contract between authorities. Sovereignty:

1) It is that influence of governance that extends supreme dominion, exclusive authority, and jurisdiction over a territory.
2) The supreme political authority of the Independent State of Israel.
3) A sovereign state "is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to the external authority of any foreign power; without its consent.
​

Most Respectfully,
R

• Brahm, Eric. "Sovereignty." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2004 <Sovereignty | Beyond Intractability>.
• Posted 24th November 2012 by abdul qadir Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty. International law generally recognizes five modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty,
• State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty, Dr. WALID ABDULRAHIM, Professor of Law, Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Law and Political Science​

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability)

Do you mean like this? From your link.

(1) Occupation
: When a particular territory is not under the authority of any other state, a state can establish its sovereignty over such territory by occupation. The territory may never have belonged to any state, or it may have been abandoned by the previous sovereign. The PCIJ( permanent court of international justice) held that the occupation to be effective must consist of the following two elements
(i) intention to occupy. Such intention must be formally expressed and it must be permanent.
(ii) occupation should be peaceful, continuous.​

(COMMENT)

You will notice that there are other examples that are closer to the situation.

(2) Annexation: Annexation means to incorporate (territory) into the domain of a country. Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized by one state. It can also imply a certain measure of coercion, expansionism or unilateralism. e.g 1961 annexation of Goa. Annexation of Golan Heights by Israel in 1967.
​

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation. The aggrieved parties were Egypt and Jordan. And the settlement was made by treaty.

I recommend you read the set of PCIJ paper, specifically 3.1.2. Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity . It will give you some insight into the depth and breadth of the topic.

Also, the territory inside the maintained borders of Israel have been peaceful for a very significant period. The Hostile Arab Palestinians are outside the maintained border; largely in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel has not stated any intention of annexing either areas.

Most Respectfully,
R

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation.​

Oh, and the 750,000 Palestinians kicked out of their homes were not aggrieved?


BTW, Internationally recognized as Syrian territory, the Golan Heights has been occupied and administered by Israel since 1967.[1] It was captured during the 1967 Six-Day War, establishing the Purple Line.[11]

Golan Heights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

[toastman]

Challenger, et al,

Well, let's see if we can help.

Sovereignty is established by the nation that will place a claim sovereignty over a specific territory. By claim, we mean, Israel states its intention to extend and defense it exclusive jurisdiction.

The [United Nations] Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members” (UN Charter, Article 2.1). This principle was elaborated in the 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law (GA Res 2625(XXV)(1970)) in the following terms:

All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community, notwithstanding differences of an economic, social, political or other nature.

In particular, sovereign equality includes the following elements:

(a) States are juridically equal;

(b) Each state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty;

(c) Each state has the duty to respect the personality of other states;

(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of the state are inviolable;

(e) Each state has the right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems;

(f) Each state has the duty to comply fully and in good faith with its international obligations and to live in peace with other states.”

Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's.

This is interesting. Can you provide a link or other information, I could look up as to when and how exactly Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory it had captured and occupied by 1948-9?

(REFERENCES)

I generally start my my research from the standpoint of what the Arab Palestinians believe to be true.

• PLO-NAD (Borders)
​

It is also important to understand what was discussed. Included in the recognition process, and enclosed as part of A/RES/273 (III) 11 MAY 1949, were TWO important notions and references: 1) The Declaration and Explanations, and 2) implementation of the of resolutions [A/RES/181 (II) and A/RES/194 (III)]:

• Recalling its resolutions of 29 November 1947 and 11 December 1948 and taking note of the declarations and explanations made by the representative of the Government of Israel before the ad hoc Political Committee in respect of the implementation of the said resolutions. Including the State of Israel, in its 1949 form, which Mr. C. MALIK (Lebanese Representative) brought to the floor of the Assembly for examination and discussion, and which Lebanon (and other members of the Arab League) believed were in direct contravention to the recommendations of the United Nations in at least 3 important respects:

∆ In its attitude on the problem of Arab refugees,
∆ On the delimitation of its territorial boundaries,
∆ On the question of Jerusalem.
​

And it is important to the discussion on the position of the outcome of the Armistice in 1949:

History - The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unification of the Two Banks:

As a result of the war, many Palestinian Arabs from the Jordanian-controlled areas found that union with Jordan was of vital importance to the preservation of Arab control over the “West Bank” territories which had not fallen to the Israelis. Consequently, in December 1948, a group of Palestinian leaders and notables from the West Bank convened a historic conference in Jericho, where they called for King Abdullah to take immediate steps to unite the two banks of the Jordan into a single state under his leadership.

On April 11, 1950, elections were held for a new Jordanian parliament in which the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were equally represented. Thirteen days later, Parliament unanimously approved a motion to unite the two banks of the Jordan River, constitutionally expanding the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in order to safeguard what was left of the Arab territory of Palestine from further Zionist expansion.
​

(COMMENT)

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability) (See complete citation below) is inherent to the government of Israel. It is not awarded by an outside authority and it is not a contract between authorities. Sovereignty:

1) It is that influence of governance that extends supreme dominion, exclusive authority, and jurisdiction over a territory.
2) The supreme political authority of the Independent State of Israel.
3) A sovereign state "is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to the external authority of any foreign power; without its consent.
​

Most Respectfully,
R

• Brahm, Eric. "Sovereignty." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2004 <Sovereignty | Beyond Intractability>.
• Posted 24th November 2012 by abdul qadir Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty. International law generally recognizes five modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty,
• State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty, Dr. WALID ABDULRAHIM, Professor of Law, Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Law and Political Science​

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability)

Do you mean like this? From your link.

(1) Occupation
: When a particular territory is not under the authority of any other state, a state can establish its sovereignty over such territory by occupation. The territory may never have belonged to any state, or it may have been abandoned by the previous sovereign. The PCIJ( permanent court of international justice) held that the occupation to be effective must consist of the following two elements
(i) intention to occupy. Such intention must be formally expressed and it must be permanent.
(ii) occupation should be peaceful, continuous.​

(COMMENT)

You will notice that there are other examples that are closer to the situation.

(2) Annexation: Annexation means to incorporate (territory) into the domain of a country. Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized by one state. It can also imply a certain measure of coercion, expansionism or unilateralism. e.g 1961 annexation of Goa. Annexation of Golan Heights by Israel in 1967.
​

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation. The aggrieved parties were Egypt and Jordan. And the settlement was made by treaty.

I recommend you read the set of PCIJ paper, specifically 3.1.2. Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity . It will give you some insight into the depth and breadth of the topic.

Also, the territory inside the maintained borders of Israel have been peaceful for a very significant period. The Hostile Arab Palestinians are outside the maintained border; largely in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel has not stated any intention of annexing either areas.

Most Respectfully,
R

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation.​

Oh, and the 750,000 Palestinians kicked out of their homes were not aggrieved?


BTW, Internationally recognized as Syrian territory, the Golan Heights has been occupied and administered by Israel since 1967.[1] It was captured during the 1967 Six-Day War, establishing the Purple Line.[11]

Golan Heights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government [of Israel] voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements

Six-Day War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

[theliq]

P F Tinmore, et al,

Again, you are making a timeline mistake. Let me chop a few trees down for you, so you can see better.

I think it is that we cannot see the forest for the trees. Let's narrow this down for a closer look.

Najd was an agricultural village of about three hundred people at the beginning of the Ottoman Empire. It had grown to about seven hundred people by the end of the mandate period.

Before the beginning of the 1948 war, Najd was attacked and occupied by Zionist forces driving the Palestinians out of their homes. In 1951 Israel built a Jewish only settlement on Najd land.

It is illegal to acquire territory through the threat or use of force and it is illegal to annex occupied territory.

So, how did Israel acquire that land?

(COMMENT)

Implied Data:

• Before the beginning of the 1948 war:

∆ The Arab-Israeli War began on 15 May 1948.
∆ There was no State of Israel at that time. The Declaration of Independence was mid-night 14/15 May 1948, declared by cable.
∆ Mandate ends mid-night 14/15 May.​

• Najd was attacked and occupied by Zionist:

∆ Zionist, at that time, were Palestinians under the Citizenship Order.
​

This specific event describes a conflict between two factions of the same territory, under the same citizenship.

√ It is an engagement between Arab and Jewish faction of the territory under the Mandate for Palestine.
​

Implied Accusations:

• illegal to acquire territory through the threat or use of force
• illegal to annex occupied territory
• driving the Palestinians out of their homes
​

There was no declared state of Israel at that time. So there was not "state" to accuse of violating Article 2(4) of the Charter. At that time, the principle of "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war (force) would not be "enunciated for the first time in Security Council resolution 242 (1967)," nearly two decades into the future.

Article 2(4) did not apply to non-international conflicts (NIAC) (Palestinian Citizen on Palestinian Citizen). Article 2(4) applied only to members of the UN. That condition would not be true until 11 May 1949, a year after your "BEFORE" date.

Article 49, of the Geneva Convention does not apply.

Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.
​

At the time of the described event:

• The was NO forcible transfer from "occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country."
√ No Arabs were transfer or deported outside the territory to which the Mandate applied.
​

Nothing was illegal under international law, as you imply; as you have described the event.

(SIDE NOTE)

Yes, I acknowledge that Professor Benny Morris (Israeli Historian) mentions the village Najd and the event. I acknowledge that the Israel village of Sredot was built just south of that village. In 1951, the State of Israel had been proclaimed and admitted to the UN. Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's. Just as any city built in the US is infrastructure for Americans. There is nothing unusual in that.

EXCERPT: PLO-Negotiation Affair Department Version

Almost immediately after the Partition Plan vote (November 1947), organized Jewish militias began military campaigns to seize control over even more of historic Palestine’s territory than the UN partition plan had proposed. On May 14, 1948, after months of military expansion, Zionist forces declared the establishment of the State of Israel. The next day, neighboring Arab armies attacked Israel in reaction to the eruption . However, Israeli forces defeated Arab forces and by the end of the war in 1949, Israel controlled 78 percent of historic Palestine.​

Most Respectfully,
R

I have to say Rocco I do admire how you are able to split-hairs multiple times in one go......trouble is,it distorts the facts of the matter..steve

 

[theliq]

Challenger, et al,

Well, let's see if we can help.

Sovereignty is established by the nation that will place a claim sovereignty over a specific territory. By claim, we mean, Israel states its intention to extend and defense it exclusive jurisdiction.

The [United Nations] Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members” (UN Charter, Article 2.1). This principle was elaborated in the 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law (GA Res 2625(XXV)(1970)) in the following terms:

All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community, notwithstanding differences of an economic, social, political or other nature.

In particular, sovereign equality includes the following elements:

(a) States are juridically equal;

(b) Each state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty;

(c) Each state has the duty to respect the personality of other states;

(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of the state are inviolable;

(e) Each state has the right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems;

(f) Each state has the duty to comply fully and in good faith with its international obligations and to live in peace with other states.”

Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's.

This is interesting. Can you provide a link or other information, I could look up as to when and how exactly Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory it had captured and occupied by 1948-9?

(REFERENCES)

I generally start my my research from the standpoint of what the Arab Palestinians believe to be true.

• PLO-NAD (Borders)
​

It is also important to understand what was discussed. Included in the recognition process, and enclosed as part of A/RES/273 (III) 11 MAY 1949, were TWO important notions and references: 1) The Declaration and Explanations, and 2) implementation of the of resolutions [A/RES/181 (II) and A/RES/194 (III)]:

• Recalling its resolutions of 29 November 1947 and 11 December 1948 and taking note of the declarations and explanations made by the representative of the Government of Israel before the ad hoc Political Committee in respect of the implementation of the said resolutions. Including the State of Israel, in its 1949 form, which Mr. C. MALIK (Lebanese Representative) brought to the floor of the Assembly for examination and discussion, and which Lebanon (and other members of the Arab League) believed were in direct contravention to the recommendations of the United Nations in at least 3 important respects:

∆ In its attitude on the problem of Arab refugees,
∆ On the delimitation of its territorial boundaries,
∆ On the question of Jerusalem.
​

And it is important to the discussion on the position of the outcome of the Armistice in 1949:

History - The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unification of the Two Banks:

As a result of the war, many Palestinian Arabs from the Jordanian-controlled areas found that union with Jordan was of vital importance to the preservation of Arab control over the “West Bank” territories which had not fallen to the Israelis. Consequently, in December 1948, a group of Palestinian leaders and notables from the West Bank convened a historic conference in Jericho, where they called for King Abdullah to take immediate steps to unite the two banks of the Jordan into a single state under his leadership.

On April 11, 1950, elections were held for a new Jordanian parliament in which the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were equally represented. Thirteen days later, Parliament unanimously approved a motion to unite the two banks of the Jordan River, constitutionally expanding the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in order to safeguard what was left of the Arab territory of Palestine from further Zionist expansion.
​

(COMMENT)

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability) (See complete citation below) is inherent to the government of Israel. It is not awarded by an outside authority and it is not a contract between authorities. Sovereignty:

1) It is that influence of governance that extends supreme dominion, exclusive authority, and jurisdiction over a territory.
2) The supreme political authority of the Independent State of Israel.
3) A sovereign state "is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to the external authority of any foreign power; without its consent.
​

Most Respectfully,
R

• Brahm, Eric. "Sovereignty." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2004 <Sovereignty | Beyond Intractability>.
• Posted 24th November 2012 by abdul qadir Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty. International law generally recognizes five modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty,
• State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty, Dr. WALID ABDULRAHIM, Professor of Law, Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Law and Political Science​

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability)

Do you mean like this? From your link.

(1) Occupation
: When a particular territory is not under the authority of any other state, a state can establish its sovereignty over such territory by occupation. The territory may never have belonged to any state, or it may have been abandoned by the previous sovereign. The PCIJ( permanent court of international justice) held that the occupation to be effective must consist of the following two elements
(i) intention to occupy. Such intention must be formally expressed and it must be permanent.
(ii) occupation should be peaceful, continuous.​

Always outstanding comment Tinnie..Respect to you...steve

 

[Challenger]

Challenger, et al,

Well, let's see if we can help.

Sovereignty is established by the nation that will place a claim sovereignty over a specific territory. By claim, we mean, Israel states its intention to extend and defense it exclusive jurisdiction.

The [United Nations] Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members” (UN Charter, Article 2.1). This principle was elaborated in the 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law (GA Res 2625(XXV)(1970)) in the following terms:

All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community, notwithstanding differences of an economic, social, political or other nature.

In particular, sovereign equality includes the following elements:

(a) States are juridically equal;

(b) Each state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty;

(c) Each state has the duty to respect the personality of other states;

(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of the state are inviolable;

(e) Each state has the right freely to choose and develop its political, social, economic and cultural systems;

(f) Each state has the duty to comply fully and in good faith with its international obligations and to live in peace with other states.”

Any village, constructed inside the territory to which Israel claimed sovereignty (inside the Armistice Lines), is infrastructure for Israeli's.

This is interesting. Can you provide a link or other information, I could look up as to when and how exactly Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory it had captured and occupied by 1948-9?

(REFERENCES)

I generally start my my research from the standpoint of what the Arab Palestinians believe to be true.

• PLO-NAD (Borders)
​

It is also important to understand what was discussed. Included in the recognition process, and enclosed as part of A/RES/273 (III) 11 MAY 1949, were TWO important notions and references: 1) The Declaration and Explanations, and 2) implementation of the of resolutions [A/RES/181 (II) and A/RES/194 (III)]:

• Recalling its resolutions of 29 November 1947 and 11 December 1948 and taking note of the declarations and explanations made by the representative of the Government of Israel before the ad hoc Political Committee in respect of the implementation of the said resolutions. Including the State of Israel, in its 1949 form, which Mr. C. MALIK (Lebanese Representative) brought to the floor of the Assembly for examination and discussion, and which Lebanon (and other members of the Arab League) believed were in direct contravention to the recommendations of the United Nations in at least 3 important respects:

∆ In its attitude on the problem of Arab refugees,
∆ On the delimitation of its territorial boundaries,
∆ On the question of Jerusalem.
​

And it is important to the discussion on the position of the outcome of the Armistice in 1949:

History - The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unification of the Two Banks:

As a result of the war, many Palestinian Arabs from the Jordanian-controlled areas found that union with Jordan was of vital importance to the preservation of Arab control over the “West Bank” territories which had not fallen to the Israelis. Consequently, in December 1948, a group of Palestinian leaders and notables from the West Bank convened a historic conference in Jericho, where they called for King Abdullah to take immediate steps to unite the two banks of the Jordan into a single state under his leadership.

On April 11, 1950, elections were held for a new Jordanian parliament in which the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were equally represented. Thirteen days later, Parliament unanimously approved a motion to unite the two banks of the Jordan River, constitutionally expanding the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in order to safeguard what was left of the Arab territory of Palestine from further Zionist expansion.
​

(COMMENT)

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability) (See complete citation below) is inherent to the government of Israel. It is not awarded by an outside authority and it is not a contract between authorities. Sovereignty:

1) It is that influence of governance that extends supreme dominion, exclusive authority, and jurisdiction over a territory.
2) The supreme political authority of the Independent State of Israel.
3) A sovereign state "is not subject, within its territorial jurisdiction, to the governmental, executive, legislative, or judicial jurisdiction of a foreign State or to the external authority of any foreign power; without its consent.
​

Most Respectfully,
R

• Brahm, Eric. "Sovereignty." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: September 2004 <Sovereignty | Beyond Intractability>.
• Posted 24th November 2012 by abdul qadir Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty. International law generally recognizes five modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty,
• State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty, Dr. WALID ABDULRAHIM, Professor of Law, Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Law and Political Science​

Israel has established a physical border, and performs daily protection of that border (Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty). Sovereignty (Eric Brahm September 2004, Beyond Intractability)

Do you mean like this? From your link.

(1) Occupation
: When a particular territory is not under the authority of any other state, a state can establish its sovereignty over such territory by occupation. The territory may never have belonged to any state, or it may have been abandoned by the previous sovereign. The PCIJ( permanent court of international justice) held that the occupation to be effective must consist of the following two elements
(i) intention to occupy. Such intention must be formally expressed and it must be permanent.
(ii) occupation should be peaceful, continuous.​

(COMMENT)

You will notice that there are other examples that are closer to the situation.

(2) Annexation: Annexation means to incorporate (territory) into the domain of a country. Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized by one state. It can also imply a certain measure of coercion, expansionism or unilateralism. e.g 1961 annexation of Goa. Annexation of Golan Heights by Israel in 1967.
​

Peacefulness can be a criteria if the occupation is a matter of aggression. However, the Palestinians were not the aggrieved party at the time of occupation. The aggrieved parties were Egypt and Jordan. And the settlement was made by treaty.

I recommend you read the set of PCIJ paper, specifically 3.1.2. Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity . It will give you some insight into the depth and breadth of the topic.

Also, the territory inside the maintained borders of Israel have been peaceful for a very significant period. The Hostile Arab Palestinians are outside the maintained border; largely in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel has not stated any intention of annexing either areas.

Most Respectfully,
R

OK, so when did Zionist Israel formally annex the territory it siezed/occupied in 1948?

 

[rylah]

Thank You for this interesting example of what the right education
and conditions (family) can do.

She is indeed a talented person, a prodigy in biochemistry and mathematics. "By the age of 13, Iqbal had not only learnt to drive, she had caught the eye of Lebanon's education minister, who helped her to secure a medical scholarship in Qatar."

Not to diminish her personal abilities and
achievements, but that's not a 'palestinian' culture.

I asked myself is it a regular muslim, palestinian family she grew in?
Is it regular for women to drive, and especially this age in that community?
Then asked myself which education did she actually get?

"And this year, at 20, she became not only the youngest ever medical graduate from Cornell University's Qatar branch, but possibly the youngest Arab doctor ever...

"The sky is the limit for Iqbal."

There is just one problem: Iqbal cannot work as a doctor in Lebanon, the country of her birth. "My dream is to come back to do something for the Palestinian refugees in the camps, even by opening a free clinic for them," she says.

"But if you're a Palestinian doctor, you're not allowed to work in public hospitals."

Palestinian child prodigy becomes doctor at age 20 | The National

Again I'm always happy to see young people reach success, especially when the intent is good. But what bout some native Palestinian culture those tribes maintain?

She is a part of the regular Palestinian culture.

Palestine is not Saudi Arabia - women drive and women are educated. In fact, they are well educated, but the culture still blocks them out of a lot of jobs - like we were 50 years ago: Palestinian women are well educated, but do not find good jobs

It's really sad she can't work in Lebanon, because she's a Palestinian

This example is outstanding but not 'regular palestinian' culture-if exists at all.

What's palestinian about driving a car or graduating from a Qatar brunch of a Western university? Were there Palestinian universities 100-150 years ago?

 

[theliq]

Thank You for this interesting example of what the right education
and conditions (family) can do.

She is indeed a talented person, a prodigy in biochemistry and mathematics. "By the age of 13, Iqbal had not only learnt to drive, she had caught the eye of Lebanon's education minister, who helped her to secure a medical scholarship in Qatar."

Not to diminish her personal abilities and
achievements, but that's not a 'palestinian' culture.

I asked myself is it a regular muslim, palestinian family she grew in?
Is it regular for women to drive, and especially this age in that community?
Then asked myself which education did she actually get?

"And this year, at 20, she became not only the youngest ever medical graduate from Cornell University's Qatar branch, but possibly the youngest Arab doctor ever...

"The sky is the limit for Iqbal."

There is just one problem: Iqbal cannot work as a doctor in Lebanon, the country of her birth. "My dream is to come back to do something for the Palestinian refugees in the camps, even by opening a free clinic for them," she says.

"But if you're a Palestinian doctor, you're not allowed to work in public hospitals."

Palestinian child prodigy becomes doctor at age 20 | The National

Again I'm always happy to see young people reach success, especially when the intent is good. But what bout some native Palestinian culture those tribes maintain?

She is a part of the regular Palestinian culture.

Palestine is not Saudi Arabia - women drive and women are educated. In fact, they are well educated, but the culture still blocks them out of a lot of jobs - like we were 50 years ago: Palestinian women are well educated, but do not find good jobs

It's really sad she can't work in Lebanon, because she's a Palestinian

This example is outstanding but not 'regular palestinian' culture-if exists at all.

What's palestinian about driving a car or graduating from a Qatar brunch of a Western university? Were there Palestinian universities 100-150 years ago?

Where were Jewish ones ???????

 

[rylah]

How convenient- the "who're balestinians" turns back to the Jews.
Maybe because without the Jews those who call themselves balestinians would be just Arabs.

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

 

[theliq]

How convenient- the "who're balestinians" turns back to the Jews.
Maybe because without the Jews those who call themselves balestinians would be just Arabs.

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

Well the first recognised Palestinian University Birzeit(BZU) was established at Rumullah sic in 1924,today there are 8 Universities in Palestine,the first Jewish University was opened in 1888,of which both Palestinians,Jews and later Turks attended.

The second Jewish University opened in 1935.

As a footnote for the size of their population Palestinians have one of the highest matriculation rates to University in the world.There are a lot of highly educated Palestinians working in the Gulf States,Europe,Australasia,Asia and even Israel.

Your attempt to insult the Palestinian people is an insult and a vain attempt at Blatant Racism.....in a word "They are Smarter than You Moron"

 

[rylah]

Thank You for this interesting example of what the right education
and conditions (family) can do.

She is indeed a talented person, a prodigy in biochemistry and mathematics. "By the age of 13, Iqbal had not only learnt to drive, she had caught the eye of Lebanon's education minister, who helped her to secure a medical scholarship in Qatar."

Not to diminish her personal abilities and
achievements, but that's not a 'palestinian' culture.

I asked myself is it a regular muslim, palestinian family she grew in?
Is it regular for women to drive, and especially this age in that community?
Then asked myself which education did she actually get?

"And this year, at 20, she became not only the youngest ever medical graduate from Cornell University's Qatar branch, but possibly the youngest Arab doctor ever...

"The sky is the limit for Iqbal."

There is just one problem: Iqbal cannot work as a doctor in Lebanon, the country of her birth. "My dream is to come back to do something for the Palestinian refugees in the camps, even by opening a free clinic for them," she says.

"But if you're a Palestinian doctor, you're not allowed to work in public hospitals."

Palestinian child prodigy becomes doctor at age 20 | The National

Again I'm always happy to see young people reach success, especially when the intent is good. But what bout some native Palestinian culture those tribes maintain?

She is a part of the regular Palestinian culture.

Palestine is not Saudi Arabia - women drive and women are educated. In fact, they are well educated, but the culture still blocks them out of a lot of jobs - like we were 50 years ago: Palestinian women are well educated, but do not find good jobs

It's really sad she can't work in Lebanon, because she's a Palestinian

This example is outstanding but not 'regular palestinian' culture-if exists at all.

What's palestinian about driving a car or graduating from a Qatar brunch of a Western university? Were there Palestinian universities 100-150 years ago?

Where were Jewish ones ???????

How convenient- the "who're balestinians" turns back to the Jews.
Maybe because without the Jews those who call themselves balestinians would be just Arabs.

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

Well the first recognised Palestinian University Birzeit(BZU) was established at Rumullah sic in 1924,today there are 8 Universities in Palestine,the first Jewish University was opened in 1888,of which both Palestinians,Jews and later Turks attended.

The second Jewish University opened in 1935.

As a footnote for the size of their population Palestinians have one of the highest matriculation rates to University in the world.There are a lot of highly educated Palestinians working in the Gulf States,Europe,Australasia,Asia and even Israel.

Your attempt to insult the Palestinian people is an insult and a vain attempt at Blatant Racism.....in a word "They are Smarter than You Moron"

Jewish universities are Yeshivas that exited for centuries in Israel and in the exile. A university is not a Jewish and definitely not a balestinian invention or culture.
I would't show Einstein as an example of the Jewish culture.

Still waiting for that native 'PALESTINIAN' culture those tribes still maintain.

 

[Billo_Really]

Jewish universities are Yeshivas that exited for centuries in Israel and in the exile. A university is not a Jewish and definitely not a balestinian invention or culture.
I would't show Einstein as an example of the Jewish culture.

Still waiting for that native 'PALESTINIAN' culture those tribes still maintain.

There was never an "exile". That was a myth.

Who are the Palestinian's?

They are the direct decendents of the Israelites.

 

[theliq]

How convenient- the "who're balestinians" turns back to the Jews.
Maybe because without the Jews those who call themselves balestinians would be just Arabs.

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

Well the first recognised Palestinian University Birzeit(BZU) was established at Rumullah sic in 1924,today there are 8 Universities in Palestine,the first Jewish University was opened in 1888,of which both Palestinians,Jews and later Turks attended.

The second Jewish University opened in 1935.

As a footnote for the size of their population Palestinians have one of the highest matriculation rates to University in the world.There are a lot of highly educated Palestinians working in the Gulf States,Europe,Australasia,Asia and even Israel.

Your attempt to insult the Palestinian people is an insult and a vain attempt at Blatant Racism.....in a word "They are Smarter than You Moron"

 

[rylah]

Jewish universities are Yeshivas that exited for centuries in Israel and in the exile. A university is not a Jewish and definitely not a balestinian invention or culture.
I would't show Einstein as an example of the Jewish culture.

Still waiting for that native 'PALESTINIAN' culture those tribes still maintain.

There was never an "exile". That was a myth.

Who are the Palestinian's?

They are the direct decendents of the Israelites.

How so if Arafat claimed them to be Jebusites, the Palestinian TV claims they have direct Saudi, Egyptian and Syrian roots?

How can they be Israelites (Jacob) if they themselves consider themselves Ishmaelites?

 

[rylah]

How convenient- the "who're balestinians" turns back to the Jews.
Maybe because without the Jews those who call themselves balestinians would be just Arabs.

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

Well the first recognised Palestinian University Birzeit(BZU) was established at Rumullah sic in 1924,today there are 8 Universities in Palestine,the first Jewish University was opened in 1888,of which both Palestinians,Jews and later Turks attended.

The second Jewish University opened in 1935.

As a footnote for the size of their population Palestinians have one of the highest matriculation rates to University in the world.There are a lot of highly educated Palestinians working in the Gulf States,Europe,Australasia,Asia and even Israel.

Your attempt to insult the Palestinian people is an insult and a vain attempt at Blatant Racism.....in a word "They are Smarter than You Moron"

Copy pasting yourself?? so much love You've got...
I've already addressed this- a university is a western culture not palestinian.
As much as Einstein isn't an icon of the Jewish culture.

Anything on topic?

what's the distinct Palestinian culture? Not Jewish, not Arabic but Palestinian?

 

[Billo_Really]

How so if Arafat claimed them to be Jebusites, the Palestinian TV claims they have direct Saudi, Egyptian and Syrian roots?

How can they be Israelites (Jacob) if they themselves consider themselves Ishmaelites?

Well, you see, it's like this...

Apart from enslaved prisoners, the population of Judea continued to live on their lands, even after the destruction of the second temple [in 70 AD]. Some converted to Christianity in the 4th century, while the majority embraced Islam during the 7th century Arab conquest.

Most Zionist thinkers were aware of this: Yitzhak Ben Zvi, later president of Israel, and David Ben Gurion, its first prime minister, accepted it as late as 1929, the year of the great Palestinian revolt. Both stated on several occasions that the peasants of Palestine were the descendants
of the inhabitants of ancient Judea.
- Schlomo Sand​

 

[rylah]

How so if Arafat claimed them to be Jebusites, the Palestinian TV claims they have direct Saudi, Egyptian and Syrian roots?

How can they be Israelites (Jacob) if they themselves consider themselves Ishmaelites?

Well, you see, it's like this...

Apart from enslaved prisoners, the population of Judea continued to live on their lands, even after the destruction of the second temple [in 70 AD]. Some converted to Christianity in the 4th century, while the majority embraced Islam during the 7th century Arab conquest.

Most Zionist thinkers were aware of this: Yitzhak Ben Zvi, later president of Israel, and David Ben Gurion, its first prime minister, accepted it as late as 1929, the year of the great Palestinian revolt. Both stated on several occasions that the peasants of Palestine were the descendants
of the inhabitants of ancient Judea.
- Schlomo Sand​

This is not a scientific study.

 

[Billo_Really]

This is not a scientific study.

And why is that?

 

[Challenger]

How so if Arafat claimed them to be Jebusites, the Palestinian TV claims they have direct Saudi, Egyptian and Syrian roots?

How can they be Israelites (Jacob) if they themselves consider themselves Ishmaelites?

Well, you see, it's like this...

Apart from enslaved prisoners, the population of Judea continued to live on their lands, even after the destruction of the second temple [in 70 AD]. Some converted to Christianity in the 4th century, while the majority embraced Islam during the 7th century Arab conquest.

Most Zionist thinkers were aware of this: Yitzhak Ben Zvi, later president of Israel, and David Ben Gurion, its first prime minister, accepted it as late as 1929, the year of the great Palestinian revolt. Both stated on several occasions that the peasants of Palestine were the descendants
of the inhabitants of ancient Judea.
- Schlomo Sand​

This is not a scientific study.

Correct, it's historical fact.

 

[Challenger]

Still waiting for some original, native Palestinian culture those tribes still maintain for thousands of years.

I could just as easily say, "Still waiting for some original, native Israeli culture still maintained for thousands of years." Palestinian "culture" is older than modern Israeli "culture"