The Truth of the Civil Rights Struggle

PoliticalChic

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1. During the Bush years, the Democrat slogan was “Dissent is patriotic.” Under Obama, it became “Dissent is racist.” This is the pure moral preening of Liberals: calling others ‘racists.’

2. True, there had been actual struggles for civil rights for a century, but by the end of the 60’s it was over. Segregationist violence was gone, all public places integrated….but not the opportunity for liberals to create an imaginary heroic past. In their minds, liberals manned the barricades, and marched for civil rights…and still do!



3. Contrary to the myth that Democrats told about themselves, that they were the chest-thumping warriors for equal rights, the entire history of civil rights consists of Republicans battling Democrats to guarantee the constitutional rights of black people.

a. Not all Democrats were segregationists, but all segregationists were Democrats! And…there were enough of them to demand compliance from the rest of the party.





4. It was Republican Dwight Eisenhower who managed to take large parts of the South from Democrats in the 1952 presidential election. This included six House seats in Virginia, 10 in North Carolina, 1 in Florida, and 5 in Texas.
Michael Barone, “Our County,” p. 711.

a. He carried Tennessee, Virginia, Florida and Texas…and came close in Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia. The South admired his war record; the Democrats’ dream team was Adlai Stevenson and Alabama segregationist John Sparkman.

b. Eisenhower put blacks in prominent positions, and moved to desegregate the military- Truman had done so partially. 82.03.04: An Analysis of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Legislated Response to Racial Discrimination in the U. S.

5. Eisenhower may have felt as
his fellow Republican and soldier Senator Charles Potter did when he stood
on crutches in the well of the Senate—he lost both legs in World War II —
and denounced the Democrats for refusing to pass a civil rights bill. “I
fought beside Negroes in the war,” Potter said. “I saw them die for us. For
the Senate of the United States to repay these valiant men . . . by a watereddown version of this legislation would make a mockery of the democratic concept we hold so dear.” Web Extra: Read an Exclusive Excerpt of Ann Coulter’s New Book - ABC News



6. In his second term, Eisenhower pushed through two major civil rights
laws and created the Civil Rights Commission—over the stubborn objections
of Democrats.
Senator Lyndon Johnson warned his fellow segregationist
Democrats, “Be ready to take up the goddamned nigra bill again.”
Liberal hero, Senator Sam Ervin told his fellow segregationists, “I’m on
your side, not theirs,” adding ruefully, “we’ve got to give the goddamned
******* something.” Ibid.




7. VP Nixon tried to get the 1957 Civil Rights Bill passed…but LBJ stripped out enforcement provisions. Eisenhower introduced another, stronger civil rights bill in 1960. All eighteen votes against both bills were by Democrats. Of course, Johnson saw the handwriting on the wall.


8. Even with a Democratic President behind the 1964 Civil Rights Bill, a far greater percentage of Republicans (82%) voted for it than Democrats (66%). Nay votes included Ernest Hollings, Sam Ervin, Albert Gore, Sr., J. William Fulbright, and Robert Byrd.

a. It is interesting that one reason that Nixon chose Spiro Agnew as VP, was that he had passed some of the nation’s first bans on racial discrimination in public housing- before federal laws. He had beaten Democrat segregationist George Mahoney for governor of Maryland in 1966.





9. So, the struggle ended: Thurgood Marshall had won his cases in the Supreme Court, Eisenhower used the military to enforce the victories, Nixon desegregated the schools and building trades, and Democrat “Bull” Connor was voted out of office by the people of Alabama. And, finally, even a majority of Democrats supported civil rights. Democrat segregationists were defeated.

This was the precise moment when liberals decided it was time to come out strongly against race discrimination!

From "Mugged," by Ann Coulter
 
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.
 
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

Do you see your own hypocrisy here or are you really this fucking stupid?
 
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

Do you see your own hypocrisy here or are you really this fucking stupid?

Maybe you could explain it to those of us who are not in your intellectual pay grade?
 
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

:cuckoo: You're a delusional idiot

Dirksen played the central role in steering the civil rights bill along its twisting parliamentary path through the Senate. The wily, hard-working Republican leader used his personal charm, legendary knowledge of Senate rules, and finely honed political instincts to convince enough Republicans to vote for cloture and the bill's passage to overcome southern Democrats' opposition. He was asked to deliver Republican votes in support of a Democratic president who could not bring along enough of his own party to seal the deal.

Seal the deal he did. And the capstone to that effort occurred forty years ago on June 10, 1964. Time Magazine reported the historic details. Dirksen arose at 5:00 a.m. on that Wednesday, and, after a light breakfast, went out to his garden to clip some long-stemmed roses to take to the office. Leaving his farm in Virginia shortly after 8:00 in his chauffeur-driven limousine, Dirksen arrived at the Senate just as Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) was completing his marathon address of 14 hours and 13 minutes, the longest speech in the entire debate. It ended at 9:51 a.m, just nine minutes before the Senate was scheduled to convene for the pivotal vote on cloture.

Dirksen had the last word. In poor health, drained from working fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen-hour days, his words came quietly. Twice he gulped pills handed him by a Senate page. In his massive left hand, he held a 12-page speech he had typed the night before on Senate stationery . "I have had but one purpose," Dirksen intoned, "and that was the enactment of a good, workable, equitable, practical bill having due regard for the progress made in the civil rights field at the state and local level
."


Congress: The Basics > Lawmaking [Resources] > Everett McKinley Dirksen's Finest Hour: June 10, 1964

a true conservative Republican sound familiar?:cool:

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm6fnQ5no0o]The Difference between a Republican and A Democrat - YouTube[/ame]

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Au2-J-3on0&feature=related]Sen. Everett Dirksen on increasing the federal debt (1965) - YouTube[/ame]
 
Last edited:
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

:cuckoo: You're a delusional idiot

Dirksen played the central role in steering the civil rights bill along its twisting parliamentary path through the Senate. The wily, hard-working Republican leader used his personal charm, legendary knowledge of Senate rules, and finely honed political instincts to convince enough Republicans to vote for cloture and the bill's passage to overcome southern Democrats' opposition. He was asked to deliver Republican votes in support of a Democratic president who could not bring along enough of his own party to seal the deal.

Seal the deal he did. And the capstone to that effort occurred forty years ago on June 10, 1964. Time Magazine reported the historic details. Dirksen arose at 5:00 a.m. on that Wednesday, and, after a light breakfast, went out to his garden to clip some long-stemmed roses to take to the office. Leaving his farm in Virginia shortly after 8:00 in his chauffeur-driven limousine, Dirksen arrived at the Senate just as Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) was completing his marathon address of 14 hours and 13 minutes, the longest speech in the entire debate. It ended at 9:51 a.m, just nine minutes before the Senate was scheduled to convene for the pivotal vote on cloture.

Dirksen had the last word. In poor health, drained from working fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen-hour days, his words came quietly. Twice he gulped pills handed him by a Senate page. In his massive left hand, he held a 12-page speech he had typed the night before on Senate stationery . "I have had but one purpose," Dirksen intoned, "and that was the enactment of a good, workable, equitable, practical bill having due regard for the progress made in the civil rights field at the state and local level
."


Congress: The Basics > Lawmaking [Resources] > Everett McKinley Dirksen's Finest Hour: June 10, 1964

a true conservative Republican sound familiar?:cool:

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm6fnQ5no0o]The Difference between a Republican and A Democrat - YouTube[/ame]

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Au2-J-3on0&feature=related]Sen. Everett Dirksen on increasing the federal debt (1965) - YouTube[/ame]

He is talking about the Republican Southern Strategy post 1968 when Republicans welcomed all those disenfranchised racist Democrats
 
So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

:cuckoo: You're a delusional idiot

Dirksen played the central role in steering the civil rights bill along its twisting parliamentary path through the Senate. The wily, hard-working Republican leader used his personal charm, legendary knowledge of Senate rules, and finely honed political instincts to convince enough Republicans to vote for cloture and the bill's passage to overcome southern Democrats' opposition. He was asked to deliver Republican votes in support of a Democratic president who could not bring along enough of his own party to seal the deal.

Seal the deal he did. And the capstone to that effort occurred forty years ago on June 10, 1964. Time Magazine reported the historic details. Dirksen arose at 5:00 a.m. on that Wednesday, and, after a light breakfast, went out to his garden to clip some long-stemmed roses to take to the office. Leaving his farm in Virginia shortly after 8:00 in his chauffeur-driven limousine, Dirksen arrived at the Senate just as Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) was completing his marathon address of 14 hours and 13 minutes, the longest speech in the entire debate. It ended at 9:51 a.m, just nine minutes before the Senate was scheduled to convene for the pivotal vote on cloture.

Dirksen had the last word. In poor health, drained from working fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen-hour days, his words came quietly. Twice he gulped pills handed him by a Senate page. In his massive left hand, he held a 12-page speech he had typed the night before on Senate stationery . "I have had but one purpose," Dirksen intoned, "and that was the enactment of a good, workable, equitable, practical bill having due regard for the progress made in the civil rights field at the state and local level
."


Congress: The Basics > Lawmaking [Resources] > Everett McKinley Dirksen's Finest Hour: June 10, 1964

a true conservative Republican sound familiar?:cool:

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm6fnQ5no0o]The Difference between a Republican and A Democrat - YouTube[/ame]

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Au2-J-3on0&feature=related]Sen. Everett Dirksen on increasing the federal debt (1965) - YouTube[/ame]

He is talking about the Republican Southern Strategy post 1968 when Republicans welcomed all those disenfranchised racist Democrats

Umm....This republican sounds exactly like todays coservative Republicans get it? learn a little more before you post on this subject
 
Within a year [of being appointed Chief Justice,] Warren had managed to bring a divided Court together in a unanimous decision, Brown v. Board of Education (1954), overturning the infamous 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson with regards to public education. The new ruling banned segregated schools and gave birth to the modern civil rights movement.

[To which] Eisenhower later remarked that [Warren’s] appointment was "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made."

The Supreme Court . The Court and Democracy . Biographies of the Robes . Earl Warren | PBS

So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.



I'm never too busy to educate you, torte-boy....

So...in the category of " ‘advocacy’ of civil rights."

Looks like Eisenhower was right:

1. Civil liberties were given up during WWII. Also a surprising fact, to me at least, was to find out that although FDR and Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren favored the internment of Japanese Americans, one of the most significant conservative figures of that time and for some time in the future was against it, and that man was John Edgar Hoover. We also learn that all the things that Nixon was accused of doing during the Watergate scandal, FDR and his cronies had done to a greater extent about 30 years earlier and to a greater degree.
Folsom and Folsom, "FDR Goes To War."

a. The internment of 110,000 Japanese seems to have been largely political. Earl Warren, Attorney General of California was sensitive to his constituents resenting the large success of the Japanese in agriculture. And, interned, they couldn’t vote against FDR, and he did pick up three House seats…and after the election he began to move for the release of the Japanese.
Ibid.


2. "Civil Rights Era" was one of Democrats resisting same, Republicans championing and enforcing same (Eisenhower and the 1st Airborne)

a. "The Little Rock Nine were a group of African-American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas [Democrat] Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of [Republican] President Eisenhower, is considered to be one of the most important events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement."
Little Rock Nine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

3. Note...you couldn't find a single error in the OP....

What does that tell you?



You see, in my case education comes before partisanship....

...in your case, the reverse.
 
So much for Eisenhower, republicans, and their ‘advocacy’ of civil rights.

Coulter and the OP make the same mistake as most on the right: confusing liberals, democrats, conservatives, and republicans during the Civil Rights Era.

The OP is in fact an indictment of conservatives, as they fought against liberals’ championing of civil liberties, and sought to keep in place discriminatory institutions designed to empower a white elite not only in the South but also throughout the Nation.

Democrats found redemption after the advent of the Civil Rights movement by rejecting the hate and ignorance exhibited by the Southern conservatives, embracing and advancing the cause of civil liberties for all Americans.

Republicans, on the other hand, embraced the hate and ignorance manifested by conservatives, hostile to efforts to promote civil rights; we see that opposition to civil liberties today as republicans work to deny same-sex couples equal access to marriage law and call for the destruction of privacy rights protecting individual liberty.

:cuckoo: You're a delusional idiot

Dirksen played the central role in steering the civil rights bill along its twisting parliamentary path through the Senate. The wily, hard-working Republican leader used his personal charm, legendary knowledge of Senate rules, and finely honed political instincts to convince enough Republicans to vote for cloture and the bill's passage to overcome southern Democrats' opposition. He was asked to deliver Republican votes in support of a Democratic president who could not bring along enough of his own party to seal the deal.

Seal the deal he did. And the capstone to that effort occurred forty years ago on June 10, 1964. Time Magazine reported the historic details. Dirksen arose at 5:00 a.m. on that Wednesday, and, after a light breakfast, went out to his garden to clip some long-stemmed roses to take to the office. Leaving his farm in Virginia shortly after 8:00 in his chauffeur-driven limousine, Dirksen arrived at the Senate just as Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) was completing his marathon address of 14 hours and 13 minutes, the longest speech in the entire debate. It ended at 9:51 a.m, just nine minutes before the Senate was scheduled to convene for the pivotal vote on cloture.

Dirksen had the last word. In poor health, drained from working fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen-hour days, his words came quietly. Twice he gulped pills handed him by a Senate page. In his massive left hand, he held a 12-page speech he had typed the night before on Senate stationery . "I have had but one purpose," Dirksen intoned, "and that was the enactment of a good, workable, equitable, practical bill having due regard for the progress made in the civil rights field at the state and local level
."


Congress: The Basics > Lawmaking [Resources] > Everett McKinley Dirksen's Finest Hour: June 10, 1964

a true conservative Republican sound familiar?:cool:

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm6fnQ5no0o]The Difference between a Republican and A Democrat - YouTube[/ame]

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Au2-J-3on0&feature=related]Sen. Everett Dirksen on increasing the federal debt (1965) - YouTube[/ame]

He is talking about the Republican Southern Strategy post 1968 when Republicans welcomed all those disenfranchised racist Democrats

Not surprising that you'll believe any Left wing propaganda.


Let's test the old saw about old dogs and new tricks:

The so-called “Dixiecrats” remained Democrats and did not migrate to the Republican Party. The Dixiecrats were a group of Southern Democrats who, in the 1948 national election, formed a third party, the State’s Rights Democratic Party with the slogan: “Segregation Forever!” Even so, they continued to be Democrats for all local and state elections, as well as for all future national elections.
Frequently Asked Questions | National Black Republican Association
 
I loved IKE.

he was your last decent president.

In that day I would have likely been a republican.


IKE warned us about the very people you now bow and whorship you brain addled fool
 
I loved IKE.

he was your last decent president.

In that day I would have likely been a republican.


IKE warned us about the very people you now bow and whorship you brain addled fool
That's right, he warned us about the Technological Elite with the RFID Tracking and such.

I think TM just created a new word!

Whorship: The be slavishly devoted to a Politician or Political Party beyond all common sense and societal values.
 
I loved IKE.

he was your last decent president.

In that day I would have likely been a republican.


IKE warned us about the very people you now bow and whorship you brain addled fool
That's right, he warned us about the Technological Elite with the RFID Tracking and such.

I think TM just created a new word!

Whorship: The be slavishly devoted to a Politician or Political Party beyond all common sense and societal values.

I don't what to quibble with the honor you were giving Ms. Truthie, doc...but I believe another Leftie beat her to the concept:

""I would be happy to give him a blowjob just to thank him for keeping abortion legal. I think American women should be lining up with their presidential kneepads on to show their gratitude for keeping the theocracy off our backs."

That was Time contributor Nina Burleigh back in July 1998 during the Clinton impeachment saga."



Read more: Nina Burleigh | NewsBusters.org
 
What president desegregated the army?

"Eisenhower implemented the integration of the U.S. military forces. Although President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 (1948) to desegregate the military services, his administration had limited success in realizing it. As a life-long soldier, Dwight Eisenhower knew intimately the reality of racial intolerance in the military. As president, he commanded compliance from subordinates and was able to overcome the deeply rooted racial institutions in the military establishment. By October 30, 1954, the last racially segregated unit in the armed forces had been abolished, and all federally controlled schools for military dependent children had been desegregated."
EMC - Eisenhower One-Pagers - Civil Rights
 

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