The Science is settled , the Science is settled..oops forget everything you learned about volcanos..

[Wyatt earp]

Once again we don't know everything in the year 2017..



Is everything we know about volcanoes WRONG? | Daily Mail Online


Is everything we know about volcanoes WRONG? Textbook theory about thin jets of magma bursting up to Earth's surface may be incorrect

• Conventional theory is that mantle plumes bring magma to the surface
• The thin jets are assumed to exist but scientists have never seen them
• New seismic data reveals large upward-moving chunks instead of jets
• What is driving motion is not mantle heat, but cooling at the surface
• When material in the planet's crust cools, it sinks, displacing material deeper in the mantle and forcing it upward, claims scientists at Caltech

Forget everything you learned about volcanoes in your geography class.

The textbook explanation of magma being spewed out from narrow jets deep within Earth is wrong, according to a new study.

Researchers now believe that these narrow jets – called mantle plumes - don't exist, and they say basic physics can back up their findings.

Mantle plumes have never had a sound physical or logical basis,' said Don Anderson, a professor at the California Institute of Technology.

According to current mantle-plume theory, heat from Earth's core somehow generates narrow jets of hot magma that gush through the mantle and to the surface.
Magma from the mantle beneath the plates bursts through the plate to create volcanoes.

'Much of solid-Earth science for the past 20 years - and large amounts of money - have been spent looking for elusive narrow mantle plumes that wind their way upward through the mantle,' said Professor Anderson.

 

[Wyatt earp]

Now old rocks and mamooth will claim the deniers wrote those earlier text books and point to some obscure scientist saying he always thought it was done by large upward chunks instead of what MAN said.

 

[skookerasbil]

https://worthfightingfor.live/2017/01/09/judith-curry-resigns-climate-research-is-driven-by-politics-not-science/


rigged



duh

 

[Billy_Bob]

A simple Earth Quake could open up this magma chamber. And now they are telling us that this well mapped item doesn't exist?

OOOOOOOOK

 

[Old Rocks]

Well, now for the ignoramuses on this board. There is more than one type of volcano. Pictured above is a plume volcano.




Subduction zone volcanism occurs where two plates are converging on one another. One plate containing oceanic lithosphere descends beneath the adjacent plate, thus consuming the oceanic lithosphere into the earth's mantle. This on-going process is calledsubduction.
How Volcanoes Work - Subduction zone volcanism
www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/subducvolc_page.html

Subduction volcanoes are a different breed.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

https://worthfightingfor.live/2017/01/09/judith-curry-resigns-clim

[URL='https://worthfightingfor.live/2017/01/09/judith-curry-resigns-climate-research-is-driven-by-politics-not-science/']https://worthfightingfor.live/2017/01/09/judith-curry-resigns-climate-research-is-driven-by-politics-not-science/

rigged



duh

ate-research-is-driven-by-politics-not-science/[/URL]


rigged



duh

Good, she didnt have any credibility left anyway. The university is better off.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

A simple Earth Quake could open up this magma chamber. And now they are telling us that this well mapped item doesn't exist?

OOOOOOOOK

You don't understand the article.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Now old rocks and mamooth will claim the deniers wrote those earlier text books and point to some obscure scientist saying he always thought it was done by large upward chunks instead of what MAN said.

Once again we don't know everything in the year 2017..



Is everything we know about volcanoes WRONG? | Daily Mail Online


Is everything we know about volcanoes WRONG? Textbook theory about thin jets of magma bursting up to Earth's surface may be incorrect

• Conventional theory is that mantle plumes bring magma to the surface
• The thin jets are assumed to exist but scientists have never seen them
• New seismic data reveals large upward-moving chunks instead of jets
• What is driving motion is not mantle heat, but cooling at the surface
• When material in the planet's crust cools, it sinks, displacing material deeper in the mantle and forcing it upward, claims scientists at Caltech

Forget everything you learned about volcanoes in your geography class.

The textbook explanation of magma being spewed out from narrow jets deep within Earth is wrong, according to a new study.

Researchers now believe that these narrow jets – called mantle plumes - don't exist, and they say basic physics can back up their findings.

Mantle plumes have never had a sound physical or logical basis,' said Don Anderson, a professor at the California Institute of Technology.

According to current mantle-plume theory, heat from Earth's core somehow generates narrow jets of hot magma that gush through the mantle and to the surface.
Magma from the mantle beneath the plates bursts through the plate to create volcanoes.

'Much of solid-Earth science for the past 20 years - and large amounts of money - have been spent looking for elusive narrow mantle plumes that wind their way upward through the mantle,' said Professor Anderson.

Dumb comparison. This was never "settled science". Even that barely readable article says so.

 

[Old Rocks]

Now old rocks and mamooth will claim the deniers wrote those earlier text books and point to some obscure scientist saying he always thought it was done by large upward chunks instead of what MAN said.

Lordy, lordy, I love it when the ignoramuses prove their abysmal idiocy on this board. Volcanologists have known about the different volcanoes for longer than I have been alive.

Plume volcanoes

Volcano - Yellowstone National Park (U.S. National Park Service)

Strato volcanoes

In detail, however, stratovolcano shapes are more variable than these classic examples, primarily because of wide variations in eruptive style and composition. Some may contain several eruptive centers, a caldera, or perhaps an amphitheater as the result of a lateral blast (e.g., Mt. St. Helens).

​

Typically, as shown in the image to the left, stratovolcanoes have a layered or stratified appearance with alternating lava flows, airfall tephra, pyroclastic flows, volcanic mudflows (lahars), and/or debris flows. The compositional spectrum of these rock types may vary from basalt to rhyolite in a single volcano; however, the overall average composition of stratovolcanoes is andesitic. Many oceanic stratovolcanoes tend to be more mafic than their continental counterparts. The variability of stratovolcanoes is evident when examining the eruptive history of individual volcanoes. Mt. Fuji and Mt. Etna, for example, are dominanted by basaltic lava flows, whereas Mt. Rainier is dominated by andesitic lava, Mt. St. Helens by andesitic-to-dacitic pyroclastic material, and Mt. Lassen by dacitic lava domes.

Stratovolcanoes typically form at convergent plate margins, where one plate descends beneath an adjacent plate at the site of a subduction zone. Examples of subduction-related stratovolcanoes can be found in many places in the world, but they are particularly abundant along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, a region known as Ring of Fire. In the Americas, the Ring of Fire includes stratovolcanoes forming the Aleutian islands in Alaska, the crest of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, and the high peaks of the Andes Mounains in South America. A satellite view of three stratovolcanoes from the Andes is shown here:

How Volcanoes Work - Stratovolcanoes

Shield volcanoes

Shield volcanoes are broad, low-profile features with basal diameters that vary from a few kilometers to over 100 kilometers (e.g., the Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii). Their heights are typically about 1/20th of their widths. The lower slopes are often gentle (2-3 degrees), but the middle slopes become steeper (~10 degrees) and then flatten at the summit. This gives shield volcanoes a flank morphology that is convex in an upward direction. Their overall broad shapes result from the extrusion of very fluid (low viscosity) basalt lava that spreads outward from the summit area, in contrast to the vertical accumulation of airfall tephra around scoria-cone vents, and the build-up of viscous lava and tephra around stratovolcanoes. Cross-sections through shield volcanoes reveal numerous thin flow units of pahoehoe basalt, typically < 1 m thick. Pyroclastic deposits are minor (< 1%) and of limited dispersal, generally from flank eruptions associated with parasitic scoria cones, or from rare, localizedhydrovolcanic eruptions.



Very thin pahoehoe flow units (< 0.5 m thick) on the flank of a shield volcano in western Saudi Arabia. Photo by Vic Camp.


The Mauna Loa volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, seen here in both a oblique and satellite views, is the world's largest shield volcano:











Mauna Loa from the southeast


Mauna Loa satellite view


Hawaiian eruptions. However, there is some variability in their eruptive style, which translates into variations in shield morphology and size. The almost perfect symmetry and small volume (~15 km3) of Icelandic shields, for example, stands in marked contrast to the elongation and huge volume (thousands of km3) of Hawaiian shields. These variations are largely attributed to the monogenetic, small-volume, centralized summit eruptions, typical of icelandic shields, and the polygenetic, large-volume, linear fissure eruptions, typical of most hawaiian shields. Still different are the symmetrical Galapagos shields, shown below, which have steep middle slopes (>10 degrees) and flat tops occupied by large and very deep calderas. These shield types appear to be generated by ring-fracture eruptions, which delineate the sides of the caldera and mark the site of caldera collapse.









Coalesced shield volcanoes
of the Galapagos Islands


Three-dimensional image of
the Alcedo shield volcano on
Isabella Island, Galapagos

Now we have at least two calderas in Oregon, and I have been in both, as well as several of the ones in Idaho, and, of course, many times to Yellowstone. I have climbed on many of the strato volcanoes in the Cascades, as well as Newberry crater, our shield volcano. Now Bear, have you ever done any of this? Do you have the faintest idea of the various products of these volcanoes, and what they tell us about the volcano and it's source? Rather than flap yapping about what the scientists don't know, sourced from some journalists failed understanding of what the scientists know, perhaps it would avail you to use Google, and learn something about volcanoes.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

What is being said in the article is that scientists thought of the magma jets as forcing themselves up through narrow channels in the crust. Instead, these plumes may not even exist as once though, and the cooling crust is pressurizing the magma to create large swells of magma, and even maybe bubbles.

 

[Old Rocks]

Seismic tomography has revealed the Yellowstone plume as pretty much like the picture in this thread. Not thousands of kilometers across. And where it started in the North American continent is the thin crustal area of the West Coast. No deep cool continental material there. And there are plumes in the mid-ocean. I think that theory is all wet.