The Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification

Chris

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May 30, 2008
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(CNN) -- The chemistry of the world's oceans is changing at a rate not seen for 65 million years, with far-reaching implications for marine biodiversity and food security, according to a new United Nations study released Thursday.

"Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification," published by the U.N. Environmental Program (UNEP)," warns that some sea organisms including coral and shellfish will find it increasingly difficult to survive, as acidification shrinks the minerals needed to form their skeletons.

Lead author of the report Carol Turley, from the UK's Plymouth Marine Laboratory said in a statement: "We are seeing an overall negative impact from ocean acidification directly on organisms and on some key ecosystems that help provide food for billions. We need to start thinking about the risk to food security."

Tropical reefs provide shelter and food for around a quarter of all known marine fish species, according to the U.N. report, while over one billion people rely on fish as a key source of protein.

Increasing acidification is likely to affect the growth and structural integrity of coral reef, the study says, and coupled with ocean warming could limit the habitats of crabs, mussels and other shellfish with knock-on effects up and down the food chain.

Oceans failing the acid test, U.N. says - CNN.com
 
(CNN) -- The chemistry of the world's oceans is changing at a rate not seen for 65 million years, with far-reaching implications for marine biodiversity and food security, according to a new United Nations study released Thursday.

"Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification," published by the U.N. Environmental Program (UNEP)," warns that some sea organisms including coral and shellfish will find it increasingly difficult to survive, as acidification shrinks the minerals needed to form their skeletons.

Lead author of the report Carol Turley, from the UK's Plymouth Marine Laboratory said in a statement: "We are seeing an overall negative impact from ocean acidification directly on organisms and on some key ecosystems that help provide food for billions. We need to start thinking about the risk to food security."

Tropical reefs provide shelter and food for around a quarter of all known marine fish species, according to the U.N. report, while over one billion people rely on fish as a key source of protein.

Increasing acidification is likely to affect the growth and structural integrity of coral reef, the study says, and coupled with ocean warming could limit the habitats of crabs, mussels and other shellfish with knock-on effects up and down the food chain.

Oceans failing the acid test, U.N. says - CNN.com



27_2545284-22.jpg



Tell me this nut doesnt live in a thatched cottage!!!

"Habitats for crabs":funnyface: We're all real sure this tops peoples priority list in this economy s0n!!!

I love making fun of oddballs!!!
 
Last edited:
(CNN) -- The chemistry of the world's oceans is changing at a rate not seen for 65 million years, with far-reaching implications for marine biodiversity and food security, according to a new United Nations study released Thursday.

"Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification," published by the U.N. Environmental Program (UNEP)," warns that some sea organisms including coral and shellfish will find it increasingly difficult to survive, as acidification shrinks the minerals needed to form their skeletons.

Lead author of the report Carol Turley, from the UK's Plymouth Marine Laboratory said in a statement: "We are seeing an overall negative impact from ocean acidification directly on organisms and on some key ecosystems that help provide food for billions. We need to start thinking about the risk to food security."

Tropical reefs provide shelter and food for around a quarter of all known marine fish species, according to the U.N. report, while over one billion people rely on fish as a key source of protein.

Increasing acidification is likely to affect the growth and structural integrity of coral reef, the study says, and coupled with ocean warming could limit the habitats of crabs, mussels and other shellfish with knock-on effects up and down the food chain.

Oceans failing the acid test, U.N. says - CNN.com

Whats the matter, shouldn't organisms just adapt, or "evolve" as you Darwinian idiots believe?

Don't see what the big fuss is about anyway- so what if all the plankton dies off and thus the whole food chain from the bottom up. Once our world is lifeless again some acids will mix and bacteria will magically re-appear and mutate into complex organisms again.
 
Oh no, folks it's worse than that. Acidification is pure unadulterated horse crap (something Chris is intimately experienced with I fear). Or to paraphrase Samuel Johnson, "ocean acidification is the last refuge of the global warming scoundrel."

As can be seen, the absolute worst that man could get the ocean pH level to is 8.0 (on average) it currently sits at 8.1. whereas to obtain a "acidic" level you must geta pH below 7.

In other words the whole acidification issue is a pure lie, and they know it.

Quadrant Online - Why scientists get it wrong
 
Information from people with real scientific credentials. Not some wingnut.

:: SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UC SAN DIEGO : RESEARCH : OCEAN ACIDIFICATION :::

New Science for an Emerging Threat:
Ocean Acidification Research at Scripps Oceanography
It is well established among researchers that the uptake of increased amounts of carbon dioxide will make ocean water more acidic as the gas dissolves to create carbonic acid. Ocean chemistry is changing 100 times more rapidly than in the 650,000 years that preceded the modern industrial era and since the late 1980s, researchers at Scripps Oceanography and others have recorded an overall drop in the pH of the oceans from 8.16 to 8.05.

This increased acidity can hamper the ability of a wide variety of marine organisms ranging from coral to abalone to form calcium carbonate shells and skeletonal structures. Researchers believe that at crucial stages in the larval and juvenile stages in the lives of many marine invertebrates, ocean acidification inhibits calcification, and also appears to affect reproduction and growth in some organisms.

Scripps Oceanography is emerging as an international center of ocean acidification research. Late Scripps geochemist Charles David Keeling is best known for his famous record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations known as the Keeling Curve, but he also started the first time series of ocean carbon dioxide content in 1983 near Bermuda. Scripps marine chemist Andrew Dickson established the reference standards that are used worldwide to ensure the uniform quality of carbon and alkalinity measurements in sewater. Such uniform, high-quality data has been key to helping scientists around the world recognize and understand the nature of ocean acidification.
 
A whole course on the subject, again, from real scientists.

Overview : OCB Ocean Acidification Short Course

OCB OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SHORT COURSE – NOVEMBER 2-13, 2009
The Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry (OCB) Project Office (funded by NSF, NASA, and NOAA) with co-sponsorship from the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) coordinated and hosted a hands-on ocean acidification short course from November 2-13, 2009 at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA. With representation from 14 countries, the course convened 20 instructors and 35 participants (postdoctoral and faculty level) from multiple sub-disciplines of biological and chemical oceanography. Building upon recommendations from the recent Ocean Acidification Best Practices Workshop in Kiel, Germany, instructors educated participants on appropriate chemical and biological techniques and protocols related to ocean acidification research using a combination of lectures and hands-on laboratory experiences. The first segment of the course focused on water sampling and measurement techniques for inorganic carbon parameters in seawater. Instructors also provided demonstrations of software packages used to calculate CO2 system parameters (CO2SYS, seacarb). The second segment focused on key aspects of ocean acidification experimental design, such as manipulation of seawater chemistry, biological perturbation approaches, and lab- and field-based methods for measuring organism calcification and other physiological responses to seawater chemistry changes. The third segment included lectures and hands-on work with biogeochemical modeling and use of large global data sets in ocean acidification research. In the final segment, participants learned about ocean acidification data reporting requirements and metadata guidelines and gained hands-on experience with the Ocean Data View (ODV) software.

The Course Materials page includes a full course syllabus, background materials, lecture files, and video footage of all course lectures. For more information on who participated in the course, please visit the Participants page. Please check back often, as we will be populating this page with photos and brief bios of the participants and instructors.
 
Not much mincing of words here, or in the article.

Effects of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification on Living Marine Resources : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Written testimony presented to the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation's Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
May 10, 2007

Introduction

Good morning Madame Chair, Ranking Member Snowe and members of the Subcommittee. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak with you today on global climate change, ocean acidification and the resulting impacts on fisheries and living marine resources. My name is Scott Doney, and I am a Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole MA. My research focuses on interactions among climate, the ocean and global carbon cycles, and marine ecosystems. I have published more than 90 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles and book chapters on these and related subjects. I serve on the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program Scientific Steering Group and the U.S. Community Climate System Model Scientific Steering Committee, and I am chair of the U.S. Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Scientific Steering Group and the U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Scientific Steering Committee.

For today’s hearing, you have asked me to discuss the mechanisms by which greenhouse gases impact the ocean, coastal environment, and living marine resources, gaps in our current scientific understanding, and implications for resource management including adaptation and mitigation strategies. My comments are based on a broad scientific consensus as represented in the current scientific literature and in community assessments such as the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports (IPCC, 2007a; 2007b; 2007c).

Over the past two centuries, human activities have resulted in dramatic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. There is broad scientific consensus that these excess greenhouse gases are altering our planet’s climate and acidifying the ocean. These findings are confirmed by real-world observations and supported by theory and numerical models. Climate change and acidification trends will accelerate over the next several decades unless there is deliberate action to curb greenhouse emissions. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change produce upper-ocean warming, sea-ice retreat, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, altered freshwater distributions, and maybe even stronger storms
 
Now I could just continue, and post what Harvard and Yale have to say on the subject, and then move on to the AGU and other scientific societes. However, I think that I have shown that ol' Walleyes is once again posting nonsense.

Ocean Acidification

As the oceans have removed CO2 from the atmosphere, the waters at the ocean’s surface have become more acidic. Levels of pH—a measure of acidity, with more acidic at a low pH (2 being lemon juice) and more basic at the high end (12 being oven cleaner)—have decreased. The historical pH of seawater is 8.16. Today’s measurements show a pH of 8.05. Even this seemingly small change can have deleterious effects on marine organisms that use the chemicals in seawater to build shells and skeletons made of the mineral calcium carbonate. Some of these organisms, such as the tiny, one-celled animals called pteropods, are at the base of the marine food chain. Disturbances to pteropod populations have ramifications for the entire ecosystem. Other organisms such as corals and mussels, which construct their structures and shells of calcium carbonate, could be affected. Fish populations may be affected by acidosis, a buildup of carbonic acid in body fluids.

Ocean acidification is of particular concern in the northern Pacific Ocean. Owing to the changes in climate over the past 50 years, this region has transitioned from a primarily cold and icy Arctic ecosystem to today’s warmer, sub-Arctic conditions. Already made vulnerable by climate change, the changing ocean chemistry of this region is expected to affect this region immediately. Because one half of all U.S. shellfish and fish are landed from the North Pacific, a productive and economically significant catch may be at risk because of acidosis.

In looking to the future, Feely and his colleagues write : “Today’s carbon dioxide emissions will continue to affect global ocean chemistry for many hundred of years to come, but a significant effort to curb our emissions will help slow the rate of change, allowing ecosystems a better chance to adapt and decreasing our ultimate negative impact on the environment.”
 
Did you bother to read the whole article I posted there olfraud or did you just ignore it like usual? If you had bothered to look you would have seen this image which is corals growing quite happily over a vent pouring tons of CO2 into the water quite literally at their feet. In other words the water there is more acidic than anywhere else you can think of and they are doing fine.

Acidification is horse crap, pure and simple. It is promulgated by the same frauds who brought us newiceageglobalwarmingclimatechangeglobalclimatedisruption, or whatever else they have to repackage their failed schemes into, to fool ignorant silly people such as yourself.
 

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What is horsecrap is the lies you post here, Walleyes.This is a study published by the USGS, NSF, and NOAA. We are to take your word that these scientists are lying concerning the effects of acidifications?

http://www.ucar.edu/communications/Final_acidification.pdf

The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean
changes the seawater chemistry and will significantly
impact biological systems in the upper
oceans. Estimates of future atmospheric and
oceanic CO2 concentrations, based on the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission
scenarios and general circulation models indicate
that atmospheric CO2 levels could exceed 500 ppmv
by the middle of the 21st century, and 800 ppmv by
2100. Corresponding models for the oceans indicate
that by 2100, surface water pH will decrease by approximately
0.4 pH units relative to the preindustrial
value, lower than it has been for more than 20 My.
The carbonate ion concentration will also decrease
by almost 50% relative to preindustrial levels. Such
changes will significantly lower the ocean’s buffering
capacity and, therefore, reduce its ability to accept
more CO2 from the atmosphere.
Recent field and laboratory studies reveal that the
carbonate chemistry of seawater has a significant effect
on the calcification rates of individual species and
communities in both planktonic and benthic habitats.
The calcification rates of most calcifying organisms
studied to date decrease in response to decreased
carbonate ion concentration. This response
has been observed in multiple taxonomic groups—
from reef-building corals to single-celled protists. Experimental
evidence points to a 5–50% reduction in
calcification rate under a CO2 level twice that of
the preindustrial. The decreased carbonate ion concentration
significantly reduces the ability of reefbuilding
corals to produce their CaCO3 skeletons, affecting
growth of individual corals and the ability of
the larger reef to maintain a positive balance between
reef building and reef erosion. Several groups of calcifying
plankton—coccolithophorids (single-celled algae),
forams, and pteropods (planktonic molluscs)—
also exhibit a reduction in their calcium carbonate
structures. Many of these organisms are important
components of the marine food web.
 
What is horsecrap is the lies you post here, Walleyes.This is a study published by the USGS, NSF, and NOAA. We are to take your word that these scientists are lying concerning the effects of acidifications?

http://www.ucar.edu/communications/Final_acidification.pdf

The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean
changes the seawater chemistry and will significantly
impact biological systems in the upper
oceans. Estimates of future atmospheric and
oceanic CO2 concentrations, based on the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission
scenarios and general circulation models indicate
that atmospheric CO2 levels could exceed 500 ppmv
by the middle of the 21st century, and 800 ppmv by
2100. Corresponding models for the oceans indicate
that by 2100, surface water pH will decrease by approximately
0.4 pH units relative to the preindustrial
value, lower than it has been for more than 20 My.
The carbonate ion concentration will also decrease
by almost 50% relative to preindustrial levels. Such
changes will significantly lower the ocean’s buffering
capacity and, therefore, reduce its ability to accept
more CO2 from the atmosphere.
Recent field and laboratory studies reveal that the
carbonate chemistry of seawater has a significant effect
on the calcification rates of individual species and
communities in both planktonic and benthic habitats.
The calcification rates of most calcifying organisms
studied to date decrease in response to decreased
carbonate ion concentration. This response
has been observed in multiple taxonomic groups—
from reef-building corals to single-celled protists. Experimental
evidence points to a 5–50% reduction in
calcification rate under a CO2 level twice that of
the preindustrial. The decreased carbonate ion concentration
significantly reduces the ability of reefbuilding
corals to produce their CaCO3 skeletons, affecting
growth of individual corals and the ability of
the larger reef to maintain a positive balance between
reef building and reef erosion. Several groups of calcifying
plankton—coccolithophorids (single-celled algae),
forams, and pteropods (planktonic molluscs)—
also exhibit a reduction in their calcium carbonate
structures. Many of these organisms are important
components of the marine food web.





Yes, they are lying olfraud. Interesting how they manage to ignore the simple fact that corals evolved when the atmospheric CO2 content was 20X higher than it is today. That's right folks they evolved under those conditions. People much smarter than me have calculated that if you burn every piece of carbonate material we know of you can only drop the pH to 8. That's every hunk of limestone there is. All the coal, all the wood, everything on the planet pH gets to 8.

Yet more fraud.
 
What is horsecrap is the lies you post here, Walleyes.This is a study published by the USGS, NSF, and NOAA. We are to take your word that these scientists are lying concerning the effects of acidifications?

http://www.ucar.edu/communications/Final_acidification.pdf

The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean
changes the seawater chemistry and will significantly
impact biological systems in the upper
oceans. Estimates of future atmospheric and
oceanic CO2 concentrations, based on the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission
scenarios and general circulation models indicate
that atmospheric CO2 levels could exceed 500 ppmv
by the middle of the 21st century, and 800 ppmv by
2100. Corresponding models for the oceans indicate
that by 2100, surface water pH will decrease by approximately
0.4 pH units relative to the preindustrial
value, lower than it has been for more than 20 My.
The carbonate ion concentration will also decrease
by almost 50% relative to preindustrial levels. Such
changes will significantly lower the ocean’s buffering
capacity and, therefore, reduce its ability to accept
more CO2 from the atmosphere.
Recent field and laboratory studies reveal that the
carbonate chemistry of seawater has a significant effect
on the calcification rates of individual species and
communities in both planktonic and benthic habitats.
The calcification rates of most calcifying organisms
studied to date decrease in response to decreased
carbonate ion concentration. This response
has been observed in multiple taxonomic groups—
from reef-building corals to single-celled protists. Experimental
evidence points to a 5–50% reduction in
calcification rate under a CO2 level twice that of
the preindustrial. The decreased carbonate ion concentration
significantly reduces the ability of reefbuilding
corals to produce their CaCO3 skeletons, affecting
growth of individual corals and the ability of
the larger reef to maintain a positive balance between
reef building and reef erosion. Several groups of calcifying
plankton—coccolithophorids (single-celled algae),
forams, and pteropods (planktonic molluscs)—
also exhibit a reduction in their calcium carbonate
structures. Many of these organisms are important
components of the marine food web.





Yes, they are lying olfraud. Interesting how they manage to ignore the simple fact that corals evolved when the atmospheric CO2 content was 20X higher than it is today. That's right folks they evolved under those conditions. People much smarter than me have calculated that if you burn every piece of carbonate material we know of you can only drop the pH to 8. That's every hunk of limestone there is. All the coal, all the wood, everything on the planet pH gets to 8.

Yet more fraud.

Yet more lies from Walleyes.

Coral Reef Bleaching

Spatial and temporal range of coral reef bleaching

Mass coral moralities in coral reef ecosystems have been reported in all major reef provinces since the 1870s. The frequency and scale of bleaching disturbances has increased dramatically since the late 70’s. This is possibly due to more observers and a greater interest in reporting in recent years. More than 60 coral reef bleaching events out of 105 mass coral moralities were reported between 1979-1990, compared with only three bleaching events among 63 mass coral moralities recorded during the preceding 103 years.

Nearly all of the world’s major coral reef regions (Caribbean/ western Atlantic, eastern Pacific, central and western Pacific, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf, Red Sea) experienced some degree of coral bleaching and mortality during the 1980s.
 
What is horsecrap is the lies you post here, Walleyes.This is a study published by the USGS, NSF, and NOAA. We are to take your word that these scientists are lying concerning the effects of acidifications?

http://www.ucar.edu/communications/Final_acidification.pdf

The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean
changes the seawater chemistry and will significantly
impact biological systems in the upper
oceans. Estimates of future atmospheric and
oceanic CO2 concentrations, based on the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission
scenarios and general circulation models indicate
that atmospheric CO2 levels could exceed 500 ppmv
by the middle of the 21st century, and 800 ppmv by
2100. Corresponding models for the oceans indicate
that by 2100, surface water pH will decrease by approximately
0.4 pH units relative to the preindustrial
value, lower than it has been for more than 20 My.
The carbonate ion concentration will also decrease
by almost 50% relative to preindustrial levels. Such
changes will significantly lower the ocean’s buffering
capacity and, therefore, reduce its ability to accept
more CO2 from the atmosphere.
Recent field and laboratory studies reveal that the
carbonate chemistry of seawater has a significant effect
on the calcification rates of individual species and
communities in both planktonic and benthic habitats.
The calcification rates of most calcifying organisms
studied to date decrease in response to decreased
carbonate ion concentration. This response
has been observed in multiple taxonomic groups—
from reef-building corals to single-celled protists. Experimental
evidence points to a 5–50% reduction in
calcification rate under a CO2 level twice that of
the preindustrial. The decreased carbonate ion concentration
significantly reduces the ability of reefbuilding
corals to produce their CaCO3 skeletons, affecting
growth of individual corals and the ability of
the larger reef to maintain a positive balance between
reef building and reef erosion. Several groups of calcifying
plankton—coccolithophorids (single-celled algae),
forams, and pteropods (planktonic molluscs)—
also exhibit a reduction in their calcium carbonate
structures. Many of these organisms are important
components of the marine food web.





Yes, they are lying olfraud. Interesting how they manage to ignore the simple fact that corals evolved when the atmospheric CO2 content was 20X higher than it is today. That's right folks they evolved under those conditions. People much smarter than me have calculated that if you burn every piece of carbonate material we know of you can only drop the pH to 8. That's every hunk of limestone there is. All the coal, all the wood, everything on the planet pH gets to 8.

Yet more fraud.

Yet more lies from Walleyes.

Coral Reef Bleaching

Spatial and temporal range of coral reef bleaching

Mass coral moralities in coral reef ecosystems have been reported in all major reef provinces since the 1870s. The frequency and scale of bleaching disturbances has increased dramatically since the late 70’s. This is possibly due to more observers and a greater interest in reporting in recent years. More than 60 coral reef bleaching events out of 105 mass coral moralities were reported between 1979-1990, compared with only three bleaching events among 63 mass coral moralities recorded during the preceding 103 years.

Nearly all of the world’s major coral reef regions (Caribbean/ western Atlantic, eastern Pacific, central and western Pacific, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf, Red Sea) experienced some degree of coral bleaching and mortality during the 1980s.





Coral reef bleaching?????:lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

Are you fcukking kidding me? Rocks......s0n, I split my side laughing when I saw this link posted up!!! Dude.......this forum would suck dog balls without you man!!!
"
Whats next? "Slug habits"?
 

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