Food production threatened by global warming...
Increasing climate warming may put food security at risk
Saturday 18th February, 2012 - Climate warming caused by greenhouse gases is very likely to increase the variability of summertime temperatures around the world by the end of this century, which will have serious effects in food production, claims a University of Washington scientist.
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'Storm of Century' Might Hit Every Decade
February 17, 2012 - Intense storm risk more frequent in warmer world
Increasing climate warming may put food security at risk
Saturday 18th February, 2012 - Climate warming caused by greenhouse gases is very likely to increase the variability of summertime temperatures around the world by the end of this century, which will have serious effects in food production, claims a University of Washington scientist.
David Battisti, a UW professor of atmospheric sciences, said current climate models do not adequately reflect feedbacks from the relationship between the atmosphere and soil, which causes them to underestimate the increase of variability in summertime temperatures. While warmer temperatures already have implications for food production in the tropics, the new findings suggest the increase in the volatility of summertime temperatures will have serious effects in grain-growing regions of Europe and North and South America, according to Battisti. "If there's greater variability, the odds of the temperature being so high that you can't grow a crop are greater. In terms of regional and global food security, it's not good news," he said.
Earlier research has shown that by the end of this century, the increase in average growing season temperature, if other factors remain the same, will likely reduce yields of rice, corn and soybean 30 to 40 percent. Already rice yields in the tropics are being affected by higher temperatures, affecting nations such as Indonesia, which frequently imports rice to stabilize prices, Battisti said. In addition, the scientists say global warming will have greater impacts than previously thought on the El Nino Southern Oscillation, a tropical phenomenon that has global impact on climate and food production.
Their conclusions are based on geological and other proxy records of climate and El Nino from the last 10,000 years, plus recent analyses of long-term climate changes because of global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations body conducting ongoing assessments of climate change, has estimated that future month-to-month temperature variability during summer months is likely to be greater in some places and less in some places, but should stay roughly constant in many places.
But the new modeling work, Battisti said, shows most areas can expect to see greater variability in summer temperatures between now and 2085, with the biggest impacts in Europe, Africa and South America. "The increased variability will be pretty ubiquitous. You will see it pretty much everywhere," he warned. Battisti presented his findings at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Vancouver, Canada.
Increasing climate warming may put food security at risk
See also:
'Storm of Century' Might Hit Every Decade
February 17, 2012 - Intense storm risk more frequent in warmer world
With climate change, powerful storms could make landfall far more frequently, causing powerful, devastating storm surges every three to 20 years, researchers from MIT and Princeton University have found. Their study proposes a way to more accurately assess the risks posed by more frequent and intense hurricanes and sea rise, especially in coastal communities most threatened by the earth’s changing climate. New York City was the focus of the study. Scientists coupled computer climate models with hurricane models and generated some 45,000 virtual storms within a 200-kilometer radius of New York.
Princeton University atmospheric scientist and study co-author Michael Oppenheimer says, while there was some variability among the models, the common feature was a greater frequency of intense storms. That confirmed findings from previous studies. “What we found was that indeed, a surge level, that is a level of penetration of flood water inland during a storm, that would previously have been reached perhaps every 100 years, is now going to be reached maybe once a decade, which is quite a big change in the risk and something that coastal managers really have to start planning for.”
About half the world’s population lives within 200 kilometers of a coastline, and that number is rising as more people move to cities in low-lying areas, according to the Population Reference Bureau. Oppenheimer believes urban planners must be able to evaluate the risks climate change will pose to life and property. “What is the probability that something of a certain level of impact will happen?" he says. "And how do we prevent that? Do we raise the sea walls around the city? Do we have better evacuation plans? Do we ultimately plan for some sort of storm surge barrier?”
According to Oppenheimer, as the world changes, so must our response to it. “We need to anticipate that world," he says. "We don’t want to just sit there and take the punch. We want to be ready for it when it comes.” While the study analysis is based on New York, Oppenheimer says the technique the team used could be applied anywhere. “We’re looking at this as one modest step in a direction that humanity is going to have to move over time, in getting smarter about dealing with the world that one way or another is going to get warmer, with more threats, while the world also hopefully gets its act together to cut emissions to start reducing the risk eventually.”
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