If Medicare's primary problem stems from health care inflation, that would seem to explain the secondary problem of a long term Medicare deficit. Would indexing the payroll tax to actual health care costs solve both issues?
It seems to me the deficit's solved because as Medicare's costs go up, it's funding will rise at the same time.
Raising taxes, yes, but with the understanding the more taxes you pay, the more you get back in health care benefits.
Perhaps, but you're still left with the imperative to get a handle on rising health costs.
Much of what you have pointed out are wonderful ideas but in the end it is not how Medicare operates that is the problem but the amount of Medicare that is needed.
And yet there isn't much of a distinction between those two things. Payment policies that promote volume over value increase the "amount of Medicare" consumed, be they full price payments for a preventable readmission or fee-for-service inducements for additional services. Lack of care coordination, particularly for the most expensive segment with chronic conditions (e.g. many dual eligibles), drives up the amount of Medicare needed. The design of service delivery has a huge impact on how much Medicare (or care purchased by any payer, for that matter) is needed. And the tools available at the point of service are important, like an electronic health record providing clinical decision support.
We want and deserve more health bang for our Medicare buck--we want better value. And there's a huge amount of room in our system to get that. That's the strand of reform that's being pursued so far. That will be an iterative process of building, learning, and refining, but beyond that the next steps should be to start thinking about benefit designs and cost sharing and who's financing this.
As for the retirement age, if you look at Lieberman-Coburn, that raises the retirement age to 67 but only on the condition that the state-based insurance exchanges of the ACA exist for folks to use in finding individual insurance coverage; if the ACA were repealed, that provision of their bill vanishes and the retirement age reverts back to 65. Leaves me wondering whether the additional exchange subsidies for those 65-66 who need coverage through an exchange would actually cost the feds less than Medicare would for that same cohort; presumably it would, otherwise that particular proposal makes no sense. Still, I wonder.