Lol now stuff is coming out of black holes

[Frannie]

Spectrometers do not identify colorless gasses.

But but but it said so on the internet

Kid this is way over your head, you are like an infant...……………..

Did you not notice that this planet is a hot Jupiter? Can you guess what that means? I'll tell you since I'm not confident you can. That means it radiates in the infrared. It glows, so we can see what elements are present.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, it is also 450 billion lightyears away. We are connected to the same planet and if the space between us is proportionated to 450 billion lightyears we are touching and you still can't see me or tell me what is in my pocket with any authority. However you know everything about this planet 450 billion light years away. Comical actually

How do they know the star is 2 million years old, they count growth rings.

Hot Jupiter, grow up kid, those words mean nothing, just like a Jupiter planet means nothing, we already have one that is useless. They found another useless nothingness

You're playing while adults are talking. I'm not going to bother trying to educate you because you will not learn. Find out how far away that planet and its star really are, THEN talk about them. Find out what a hot Jupiter really is, THEN talk about it. Right now you're hopeless.

Science requires verification, there is no way to verify anything about this planet, as such you can say or believe anything, as it can not be confirmed or refuted. You are clueless, but then all are when I am around.

You forgot to answer how the age of the star is known at 2 million years, verify now

CIAO

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

 

[hadit]

Did you not notice that this planet is a hot Jupiter? Can you guess what that means? I'll tell you since I'm not confident you can. That means it radiates in the infrared. It glows, so we can see what elements are present.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, it is also 450 billion lightyears away. We are connected to the same planet and if the space between us is proportionated to 450 billion lightyears we are touching and you still can't see me or tell me what is in my pocket with any authority. However you know everything about this planet 450 billion light years away. Comical actually

How do they know the star is 2 million years old, they count growth rings.

Hot Jupiter, grow up kid, those words mean nothing, just like a Jupiter planet means nothing, we already have one that is useless. They found another useless nothingness

You're playing while adults are talking. I'm not going to bother trying to educate you because you will not learn. Find out how far away that planet and its star really are, THEN talk about them. Find out what a hot Jupiter really is, THEN talk about it. Right now you're hopeless.

Science requires verification, there is no way to verify anything about this planet, as such you can say or believe anything, as it can not be confirmed or refuted. You are clueless, but then all are when I am around.

You forgot to answer how the age of the star is known at 2 million years, verify now

CIAO

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

 

[Frannie]

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, it is also 450 billion lightyears away. We are connected to the same planet and if the space between us is proportionated to 450 billion lightyears we are touching and you still can't see me or tell me what is in my pocket with any authority. However you know everything about this planet 450 billion light years away. Comical actually

How do they know the star is 2 million years old, they count growth rings.

Hot Jupiter, grow up kid, those words mean nothing, just like a Jupiter planet means nothing, we already have one that is useless. They found another useless nothingness

You're playing while adults are talking. I'm not going to bother trying to educate you because you will not learn. Find out how far away that planet and its star really are, THEN talk about them. Find out what a hot Jupiter really is, THEN talk about it. Right now you're hopeless.

Science requires verification, there is no way to verify anything about this planet, as such you can say or believe anything, as it can not be confirmed or refuted. You are clueless, but then all are when I am around.

You forgot to answer how the age of the star is known at 2 million years, verify now

CIAO

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

 

[hadit]

You're playing while adults are talking. I'm not going to bother trying to educate you because you will not learn. Find out how far away that planet and its star really are, THEN talk about them. Find out what a hot Jupiter really is, THEN talk about it. Right now you're hopeless.

Science requires verification, there is no way to verify anything about this planet, as such you can say or believe anything, as it can not be confirmed or refuted. You are clueless, but then all are when I am around.

You forgot to answer how the age of the star is known at 2 million years, verify now

CIAO

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

 

[Frannie]

Science requires verification, there is no way to verify anything about this planet, as such you can say or believe anything, as it can not be confirmed or refuted. You are clueless, but then all are when I am around.

You forgot to answer how the age of the star is known at 2 million years, verify now

CIAO

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

 

[hadit]

Do some research. It’s really not that difficult.

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

 

[Frannie]

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

So nothing was verified.....

The size of the universe outside of the expanded radius is unverified. The point that I am making is that verification is impossible and that different people reach different conclusions, all are theory not fact.

PS Bye the way since all data gathered is from billions of years in the past, the current size of the expanded universe can not be determined with any accuracy as the rate of accelerated expansion now caused by big galactic magnets outside our universe instead of invisible dark matter that is computer generated by an unseen computer generator........

Drum roll which do you believe.

Lol.

PS I am more concerned what kind of programming was put into the failed Boeing passenger liner that it can not be removed? and reprogrammed. As this is either a good buying op or the beginning of a major decline.

 

[Frannie]

The above post is not considered scientific verification. Another fail boy, I hope you aren't in charge of much because you are a sucker.....

You still forgot to tell us how this star is dated at 2 million years old, but then you can't because there is no answer, only supposition

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

Actually nothing has ever made a .001 light year trip, or anything over that, which in affirming you agreed with my point

Thanks

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Spectrometers do not identify colorless gasses.

False, moron.

 

[Frannie]

Spectrometers do not identify colorless gasses.

False, moron.

So colorless is a color to you

Okeedokee

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Embarrassing.

 

[Frannie]

Embarrassing.

What color does carbon monoxide show as

 

[hadit]

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

So nothing was verified.....

The size of the universe outside of the expanded radius is unverified. The point that I am making is that verification is impossible and that different people reach different conclusions, all are theory not fact.

PS Bye the way since all data gathered is from billions of years in the past, the current size of the expanded universe can not be determined with any accuracy as the rate of accelerated expansion now caused by big galactic magnets outside our universe instead of invisible dark matter that is computer generated by an unseen computer generator........

Drum roll which do you believe.

Lol.

PS I am more concerned what kind of programming was put into the failed Boeing passenger liner that it can not be removed? and reprogrammed. As this is either a good buying op or the beginning of a major decline.

Since you're pretending you care more about programming, start threads on that. Maybe you'll actually sound like you know something.

 

[hadit]

Now you’re just being deliberately obtuse. If you applied the slightest curiosity, you'd know that a star produces different elements as it ages, which can be detected by those spectrometers you didn't know about. This is basic stuff that anyone can understand, yet you are ranting on about it like you clearly do not understand it.

Like I said before, learn something, THEN talk about it. Strike two.

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

Actually nothing has ever made a .001 light year trip, or anything over that, which in affirming you agreed with my point

Thanks

Actually, you're wrong again. You just can't help yourself, can you? Pluto is almost that far away, so the light reflected from the sun travels almost double that before it gets to us. Regardless, it's clear you know nothing and you're just making up crap. It's too late for you to stop now and salvage anything, so keep dancing. We might laugh, we might ignore you. It doesn't really matter.

 

[Frannie]

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

So nothing was verified.....

The size of the universe outside of the expanded radius is unverified. The point that I am making is that verification is impossible and that different people reach different conclusions, all are theory not fact.

PS Bye the way since all data gathered is from billions of years in the past, the current size of the expanded universe can not be determined with any accuracy as the rate of accelerated expansion now caused by big galactic magnets outside our universe instead of invisible dark matter that is computer generated by an unseen computer generator........

Drum roll which do you believe.

Lol.

PS I am more concerned what kind of programming was put into the failed Boeing passenger liner that it can not be removed? and reprogrammed. As this is either a good buying op or the beginning of a major decline.

Since you're pretending you care more about programming, start threads on that. Maybe you'll actually sound like you know something.

Actually the programming line was referencing the Boeing and was not about programming but about a business topic that went right over your head.

Boeing Stock: Is It A Buy Right Now? This Is What You Need To Know | Investor's Business Daily

https://www.bizjournals.com/wichita...faa-s-certification-flight-of-boeing-737.html

See while you play in make believe outer space with the professors who believe DNA created itself in Darwins magical pond, the World never stops happening. The newest twist is China backing down to the Don and wanting a trade agreement which could well sell jets to China.

You keep me informed about the distance that no one will ever see, because I will be watching my investments

 

[Frannie]

No stellar spectrometer data has ever been scientifically verified.. Shit how would one use a spectrometer reading to verify a computer simulation anyway.....

See kid there are as many theories as people looking.

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

Actually nothing has ever made a .001 light year trip, or anything over that, which in affirming you agreed with my point

Thanks

Actually, you're wrong again. You just can't help yourself, can you? Pluto is almost that far away, so the light reflected from the sun travels almost double that before it gets to us. Regardless, it's clear you know nothing and you're just making up crap. It's too late for you to stop now and salvage anything, so keep dancing. We might laugh, we might ignore you. It doesn't really matter.

Subscribe to read | Financial Times

Let me know about your Pluto stocks...…………………..

Yo you never mentioned how that star from yesterday is known to be 2 million years young?

NYSE: BABA - Google Search

NYSE: TSM - Google Search

aapl - Google Search

See kiddy, the universe that you will never reach is not the goal, but you wait for the new Star Trek, it might matter, keep your eye on that black hole too, I'm gonna keep my eyes in the gym on the hoppin hooters, and yea play the board

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Embarrassing.

What color does carbon monoxide show as

Do spectometers only measure absorption of visible lght?

Hint: no. The answer is no. Now, just do what you always do....change the subject and ignore your idiotic error.

 

[hadit]

Again with the ignorance. Dude, you really have no clue, do you? OF COURSE spectrometer readings have been verified. I did it myself in highschool science class by pointing one at a flame of burning sulfer and yup, just as advertised, there was the spectral line precisely where it should be. You point one at a star and see that line, you know sulfur is present, and likewise with other elements.

You know, you would be more entertaining if you had even a rudimentary understanding of this.

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

Actually nothing has ever made a .001 light year trip, or anything over that, which in affirming you agreed with my point

Thanks

Actually, you're wrong again. You just can't help yourself, can you? Pluto is almost that far away, so the light reflected from the sun travels almost double that before it gets to us. Regardless, it's clear you know nothing and you're just making up crap. It's too late for you to stop now and salvage anything, so keep dancing. We might laugh, we might ignore you. It doesn't really matter.

Subscribe to read | Financial Times

Let me know about your Pluto stocks...…………………..

Yo you never mentioned how that star from yesterday is known to be 2 million years young?

NYSE: BABA - Google Search

NYSE: TSM - Google Search

aapl - Google Search

See kiddy, the universe that you will never reach is not the goal, but you wait for the new Star Trek, it might matter, keep your eye on that black hole too, I'm gonna keep my eyes in the gym on the hoppin hooters, and yea play the board

Actually, I did tell you, but since you don't understand spectroscopy, it went right over your head. And yes, please do go elsewhere until you learn some things.

 

[Frannie]

Wrong verification requires a 450 billion light year trip that has never been made.

Lol you are really a gullible clown

Nothing has ever made a 450 billion light year trip because the universe isn't that big. You're literally just making stuff up, going to sound smart, aren't you?

Here's a hint, it's not working.

Actually nothing has ever made a .001 light year trip, or anything over that, which in affirming you agreed with my point

Thanks

Actually, you're wrong again. You just can't help yourself, can you? Pluto is almost that far away, so the light reflected from the sun travels almost double that before it gets to us. Regardless, it's clear you know nothing and you're just making up crap. It's too late for you to stop now and salvage anything, so keep dancing. We might laugh, we might ignore you. It doesn't really matter.

Subscribe to read | Financial Times

Let me know about your Pluto stocks...…………………..

Yo you never mentioned how that star from yesterday is known to be 2 million years young?

NYSE: BABA - Google Search

NYSE: TSM - Google Search

aapl - Google Search

See kiddy, the universe that you will never reach is not the goal, but you wait for the new Star Trek, it might matter, keep your eye on that black hole too, I'm gonna keep my eyes in the gym on the hoppin hooters, and yea play the board

Actually, I did tell you, but since you don't understand spectroscopy, it went right over your head. And yes, please do go elsewhere until you learn some things.

One Number Shows Something Is Fundamentally Wrong with Our Conception of the Universe

None of the numbers match, why? because as I said no one has even the least clue what they are looking at so every week there is a new universe invented.

There's a puzzling mystery going on in the universe. Measurements of the rate of cosmic expansion using different methods keep turning up disagreeing results. The situation has been called a "crisis."

The problem centers on what's known as the Hubble constant. Named for American astronomer Edwin Hubble, this unit describes how fast the universe is expanding at different distances from Earth. Using data from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Planck satellite, scientists estimate the rate to be 46,200 mph per million light-years (or, using cosmologists' units, 67.4 kilometers/second per megaparsec). But calculations using pulsating stars called Cepheids suggest it is 50,400 mph per million light-years (73.4 km/s/Mpc).

If the first number is right, it means scientists have been measuring distances to faraway objects in the universe wrong for many decades. But if the second is correct, then researchers might have to accept the existence of exotic, new physics. Astronomers, understandably, are pretty worked up about this discrepancy.

What is a layperson supposed to make of this situation? And just how important is this difference, which to outsiders looks minor? In order to get to the bottom of the clash, Live Science called in Barry Madore, an astronomer at the University of Chicago and a member of one of the teams undertaking measurements of the Hubble constant.

The trouble starts with Edwin Hubble himself. Back in 1929, he noticed that more-distant galaxies were moving away from Earth faster than their closer-in counterparts. He found a linear relationship between the distance an object was from our planet and the speed at which it was receding.

"That means something spooky is going on," Madore told Live Science. "Why would we be the center of the universe? The answer, which is not intuitive, is that [distant objects are] not moving. There's more and more space being created between everything."

Hubble realized that the universe was expanding, and it seemed to be doing so at a constant rate — hence, the Hubble constant. He measured the value to be about 342,000 miles per hour per million light years (501 km/s/Mpc) — almost 10 times larger than what is currently measured. Over the years, researchers have refined that rate.

Things got weirder in the late 1990s, when two teams of astronomers noticed that distant supernovas were dimmer, and therefore farther away, than expected, said Madore. This indicated that not only was the universe expanding, but it was also accelerating in its expansion. Astronomers named the cause of this mysterious phenomenon dark energy.

Having accepted that the universe was doing something strange, cosmologists turned to the next obvious task: measuring the acceleration as accurately as possible. By doing this, they hoped to retrace the history and evolution of the cosmos from start to finish.

Madore likened this task to walking into a racetrack and getting a single glimpse of the horses running around the field. From just that bit of information, could somebody deduce where all the horses started and which one of them would win?

That kind of question may sound impossible to answer, but that hasn't stopped scientists from trying. For the last 10 years, the Planck satellite has been measuring the cosmic microwave background, a distant echo of the Big Bang, which provides a snapshot of the infant universe 13 billion years ago. Using the observatory's data, cosmologists could ascertain a number for the Hubble constant with an extraordinarily small degree of uncertainty.

"It's beautiful," Madore said. But, "it contradicts what people have been doing for the last 30 years," said Madore.

Over those three decades, astronomers have also been using telescopes to look at distant Cepheids and calculate the Hubble constant. These stars flicker at a constant rate depending on their brightness, so researchers can tell exactly how bright a Cepheid should be based on its pulsations. By looking at how dim the stars actually are, astronomers can calculate a distance to them. But estimates of the Hubble constant using Cepheids don't match the one from Planck.

The discrepancy might look fairly small, but each data point is quite precise and there is no overlap between their uncertainties. The differing sides have pointed fingers at one another, saying that their opponents have included errors throwing off their results, said Madore.

But, he added, each result also depends on large numbers of assumptions. Going back to the horse-race analogy, Madore likened it to trying to figure out the winner while having to infer which horse will get tired first, which will gain a sudden burst of energy at the end, which will slip a bit on the wet patch of grass from yesterday's rain and many other difficult-to-determine variables.

If the Cepheids teams are wrong, that means astronomers have been measuring distances in the universe incorrectly this whole time, Madore said. But if Planck is wrong, then it's possible that new and exotic physics would have to be introduced into cosmologists' models of the universe, he added. These models include different dials, such as the number of types of subatomic particles known as neutrinos in existence, and they are used to interpret the satellite's data of the cosmic microwave background. To reconcile the Planck value for the Hubble constant with existing models, some of the dials would have to be tweaked, Madore said, but most physicists aren’t quite willing to do so yet.

Hoping to provide another data point that could mediate between the two sides, Madore and his colleagues recently looked at the light of red giant stars. These objects reach the same peak brightness at the end of their lives, meaning that, like with the Cepheids, astronomers can look at how dim they appear from Earth to get a good estimate of their distance and, therefore, calculate the Hubble constant.

The results, released in July, provided a number squarely between the two prior measurements: 47,300 mph per million light-years (69.8 km/s/Mpc). And the uncertainty contained enough overlap to potentially agree with Planck's results.

But researchers aren't popping their champagne corks yet, said Madore. "We wanted to make a tie breaker," he said. "But it didn't say this side or that side is right. It said there was a lot more slop than everybody thought before."

Other teams have weighed in. A group called H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring (H0LICOW) is looking at distant bright objects in the early universe called quasars whose light has been gravitationally lensed by massive objects in between us and them. By studying these quasars, the group recently came up with an estimate closer to the astronomers' side. Information from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), which looks at gravitational waves from crashing neutron stars, could provide another independent data point. But such calculations are still in their early stages, said Madore, and have yet to reach full maturity.

For his part, Madore said he thinks the middle number between Planck and the astronomers' value will eventually prevail, though he wouldn't wager too much on that possibility at the moment. But until some conclusion is found, he would like to see researchers' attitudes toned down a bit.

"A lot of froth has been put on top of this by people who insist they're right," he said. "It's sufficiently important that it needs to be resolved, but it's going to take time."

Well that's a whole lot of words to say, we just don't know...………………..

But you believe that you do.

Delusion