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(Updates with U.S. industry revenue in sixth paragraph.)
Oct. 1 (Bloomberg) -- Scientists have altered the genes of a dairy cow to produce milk thats rich in a protein used in numerous food products and lacking in a component that causes allergies in humans.
Using a process called RNA-interference that turns certain genes on or off, scientists from New Zealand produced a cow whose milk had increased casein, a protein used to make cheese and other foods, and almost no beta-lactoglobulin, a component in milk whey protein that causes allergies. The female calf was also born without a tail, according to the report today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The study can be seen as a proof-of-concept that tinkering with nutritional content genetically is possible, said William Hallman, director of the food policy institute at Rutgers University. More testing will be needed to determine the milks full dietary content, and scientists must consider the effects of breeding gene-altered animals, he said. The field has been controversial because of safety and environmental concerns.
Could you clone a breeding stock that would allow for a herd with milk of this type? Hallman, who wasnt involved in the study, said in a telephone interview. There are lots of issues about what might happen in the next generation.
Todays research represents a road map for other groups that may wish to knock out proteins, and not just in milk, he said.
Dairy Economics
Farmers in the U.S. earned about $35 billion in 2011 from dairy sales, said Christopher Galen, a spokesman for the National Milk Producers Federation.
And new research suggests that allergies triggered by pollen are set to increase--in both duration and severity--with climate change. The seasonal scourge ragweed has already been expanding its range in North America, thanks in large part to warming temperatures. "Climate change will increase pollen production considerably in the near future," Leonard Bielory, a visiting professor at Rutgers University and lead researcher on the new project, said in a prepared statement. In fact, plant-based allergens are expected to nearly double by the year 2040, according to research presented this week at the annual scientific meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).
The researchers are studying plants grown in chambers that mimic conditions (including temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide levels) similar to those projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in coming decades. Bielory's findings suggest that while pollen counts (the average number of pollen particles in a cubic yard of air over the course of a day) in the northeastern U.S. averaged at about 8,455 in 2000, they will surpass 11,412 by 2020 and will top 18,285 by 2040--possibly pushing as high as 21,735. In the past 25 years, for example, ragweed pollen has increased from Texas all the way up to Canada. Not only are the average pollen counts likely to increase dramatically, but the allergy season is also set to start--and reach peak levels--much earlier in the year.
In 2000, for example, pollen production began around April 15, but in 2020 it is expected to begin around March 27. Peak pollen production (increasing from 1,684 in 2000 to at least 1,844 in 2020) is likely to move from May 2 in 2000 to April 9 in 2020. And the warm season is not simply shifting its dates, but in most of North America, it is expanding by starting earlier and ending later, bringing more pollen for its duration. Allergies are affecting an increasing segment of the population. Although there is currently no cure for seasonal allergies--and many people cope simply by using over-the-counter treatments to reduce symptoms--allergy shots can improve the body's tolerance for the allergen.
Allergies occur when the body's immune system overreacts to a substance, such as tree pollen, grass, mold, dust mites, animal dander or a food. So shots work by slowly exposing the body to small amounts of the culprit substance. The drawback is that shots generally need to be given over time, and the tolerance generally does not last indefinitely. Bielroy recommends that, "allergy sufferers begin long-term treatment, such as immunotherapy, now" to decrease their reaction to increasing pollen levels to come.
Allergies from Pollen Projected to Intensify with Climate Change - Yahoo! News
