usmbguest5318
Gold Member
- Federal law does not require individual gun owners to report the loss or theft of a firearm to law enforcement. Federal law does, however, require licensed firearms dealers to report the loss or theft of any firearm from the dealer’s inventory to the U.S. Attorney General or local law enforcement within 48 hours of discovering the loss or theft.
- State firearm loss and/or theft laws -- the temporal reporting window ranges from 24 hours to five days:
- Nine states and the District of Columbia require firearm owners to report the loss or theft of any firearms to law enforcement.
- California -- California’s reporting requirement was enacted not through legislative action but only as a result of voters’ passing Proposition 63 in November 2016.
- The duty to report is triggered at the time the firearm owner knew or should have known that the firearm was lost or stolen.
- Connecticut
- The duty to report is triggered at the time the firearm owner knew or should have known that the firearm was lost or stolen.
- Delaware
- District of Columbia (24 hour window)
- Failure to report loss/theft can result in revocation of license and inability to obtain one in the future.
- Illinois
- Massachusetts (24 hour window)
- Failure to report loss/theft can result in revocation of license and inability to obtain one in the future.
- New Jersey
- New Jersey also has a civil liability component, but only for assault weapons.
In New Jersey, if a registered assault weapon is used in the commission of a crime, the registered owner of that weapon is civilly liable for any damages resulting from that crime. This liability does not apply if the assault weapon was stolen and the registered owner reported the theft to law enforcement within 24 hours of his or her knowledge of the theft.
- New Jersey also has a civil liability component, but only for assault weapons.
- New York (24 hour window)
- Ohio (24 hour window)
- Rhode Island (24 hour window)
- California -- California’s reporting requirement was enacted not through legislative action but only as a result of voters’ passing Proposition 63 in November 2016.
- Maryland, requires individuals to report the loss or theft of handguns and assault weapons but not other firearms.
- Michigan, requires owners to notify law enforcement about firearm thefts but not lost firearms.
- Nine states and the District of Columbia require firearm owners to report the loss or theft of any firearms to law enforcement.
- Thirty-nine states' elected officials quite simply do not give a damn and don't want to know about what happens to a gun after it's been legally purchased, although perhaps they care enough to pray for victims of of such firearms having been used unlawfully.
- Federal elected officials do not give a damn and don't want to know about stolen or lost firearms, except if they are stolen from someone/an entity that stands to suffer some measure of retail commercial (profit) loss as a result of the theft. (Read the code itself; several of the key provisions have exceptions and/or are written so that manufacturers, by dint of the nature of manufacturing vs. retailing and distribution, simply aren't subject to them, even though they, like any entity, can have their inventory stolen.
- Burden of Proof -- At the federal level, prosecutors of violations of the federal reporting statute can prevail only if they can show mens rea on the part of the alleged retailer or manufacturer. For example, if a dealer sells guns without background checks, it could claim any number of administrative oversights, or even "oops, we forgot," and avoid prosecution for failing to create, complete or submit the required documentation. Similarly, it would be very difficult for the ATF to prove that a dealer abetted a straw purchase unless there is video or audio footage or other highly probative evidence of such.
Enforcement/Oversight of Existing Laws
Additionally, at the federal level, enforcement of existing laws falls to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). Part of the ATF's enforcement activities include periodic audits of firearms merchants' records/recordkeeping procedures. The quantity of ATF agents has remained roughly the same since 1972.
Moreover, from 2001 to 2015, the quantity of industry operations ATF inspectors fell from 961 to 811. As of 2017, those inspectors had ~135K federal firearms licensees' operations to inspect. That amounts to ~12 hours that each inspector has to review -- plan, organize, travel to, obtain, "tick and tie," "trace" and "vouch" -- the qualitative transaction records of each dealer, and that 12 hour figure assumes inspectors perform none but the noted activities, which obviously cannot at all be the reality of "a day in the life" of an ATF industry operations inspector.
The dearth of time available to perform any given audit means inspectors must resort to using sampling techniques to perform their audits. That may seem like a reasonable "compromise," but it's not. It's not because audit sampling techniques identify potential missteps/misstatements only if they occur on a somewhat recurring basis. For example, the odds are very low that sampling techniques will select for review a record that was part of a violation event/misstep that is a once or twice in a year happenstance.
That sounds reasonable, and but for the fact that we're talking about such violations making possible, even more so than were the violations not extant, deadly gun violence; thus one violation can become the initially causal event in a lethally ending sequence of events. After all, the primary purpose of the operations inspections (audits) isn't to reduce the risk of or dissuade administrative/civil wrongdoings such as a dealer simply not paying a tax or fee of some sort, though that may be what is found, and when it is found, it'll be addressed. The audit purpose is to dissuade the transfer of firearms to individuals who have no business possessing them.
Conclusion:
While I have not above addressed the gaps in the licensing process, the gaps I have identified certainly can be closed. How:
- Hire markedly more operations inspectors.
- Amend federal statutes from their mens rea required status to that of strict liability.
- Enact federal strict-liability criminal penalties/provisions similar to NJ's civil liability constraint and do so in a way that creates supply-chain interdependence so that:
- Manufacturers (1) have a reason to give a damn about whom they allow to participate in their manufacture-to-market process and (2) have motivation to exert their own process controls on their downstream trading partners (distributors, transporters, and retailers), and
- Individuals (persons not in the business of selling firearms) have a burden to exercise due circumspection and reporting in the "casual transfer" (sale/donation) of their gun(s).
- Enact federal legislation that prohibits insurance (business operations and property) reimbursement for thefts of firearms.
- Enact federal legislation requiring the reporting of all losses or thefts of firearms.