carbon 14 and agw

[Old Rocks]

AGW Observer

Hemispheric shift in atmospheric radiocarbon
Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles – Graven et al. (2012)


Abstract: “High precision measurements of Δ14C were conducted for monthly samples of CO2 from seven global stations over 2- to 16-year periods ending in 2007. Mean Δ14C over 2005–07 in the Northern Hemisphere was 5 ‰ lower than Δ14C in the Southern Hemisphere, similar to recent observations from I. Levin. This is a significant shift from 1988–89 when Δ14C in the Northern Hemisphere was slightly higher than the South. The influence of fossil fuel CO2 emission and transport was simulated for each of the observation sites by the TM3 atmospheric transport model and compared to other models that participated in the Transcom 3 Experiment. The simulated interhemispheric gradient caused by fossil fuel CO2 emissions was nearly the same in both 1988–89 and 2005–07, due to compensating effects from rising emissions and decreasing sensitivity of Δ14C to fossil fuel CO2. The observed 5 ‰ shift must therefore have been caused by non-fossil influences, most likely due to changes in the air-sea 14C flux in the Southern Ocean. Seasonal cycles with higher Δ14C in summer or fall were evident at most stations, with largest amplitudes observed at Point Barrow (71°N) and La Jolla (32°N). Fossil fuel emissions do not account for the seasonal cycles of Δ14C in either hemisphere, indicating strong contributions from non-fossil influences, most likely from stratosphere-troposphere exchange.”

Citation: Graven, H. D., T. P. Guilderson, and R. F. Keeling (2012), Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02303, doi:10.1029/2011JD016535.

 

[Old Rocks]

AGW Observer

Fossil fuel emissions are the strongest contributor to atmospheric radiocarbon trends
Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at La Jolla, California, USA 1992–2007: Analysis of the long-term trend – Graven et al. (2012)

Abstract: “High precision measurements of Δ14C were performed on CO2 sampled at La Jolla, California, USA over 1992–2007. A decreasing trend in Δ14C was observed, which averaged −5.5 ‰ yr−1 yet showed significant interannual variability. Contributions to the trend in global tropospheric Δ14C by exchanges with the ocean, terrestrial biosphere and stratosphere, by natural and anthropogenic 14C production and by 14C-free fossil fuel CO2 emissions were estimated using simple models. Dilution by fossil fuel emissions made the strongest contribution to the Δ14C trend while oceanic 14C uptake showed the most significant change between 1992 and 2007, weakening by 70%. Relatively steady positive influences from the stratosphere, terrestrial biosphere and 14C production moderated the decreasing trend. The most prominent excursion from the average trend occurred when Δ14C decreased rapidly in 2000. The rapid decline in Δ14C was concurrent with a rapid decline in atmospheric O2, suggesting a possible cause may be the anomalous ventilation of deep 14C-poor water in the North Pacific Ocean. We additionally find the presence of a 28-month period of oscillation in the Δ14C record at La Jolla.”

Citation: Graven, H. D., T. P. Guilderson, and R. F. Keeling (2012), Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at La Jolla, California, USA 1992–2007: Analysis of the long-term trend, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02302, doi:10.1029/2011JD016533.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

AGW Observer

Hemispheric shift in atmospheric radiocarbon
Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles – Graven et al. (2012)


Abstract: “High precision measurements of Δ14C were conducted for monthly samples of CO2 from seven global stations over 2- to 16-year periods ending in 2007. Mean Δ14C over 2005–07 in the Northern Hemisphere was 5 ‰ lower than Δ14C in the Southern Hemisphere, similar to recent observations from I. Levin. This is a significant shift from 1988–89 when Δ14C in the Northern Hemisphere was slightly higher than the South. The influence of fossil fuel CO2 emission and transport was simulated for each of the observation sites by the TM3 atmospheric transport model and compared to other models that participated in the Transcom 3 Experiment. The simulated interhemispheric gradient caused by fossil fuel CO2 emissions was nearly the same in both 1988–89 and 2005–07, due to compensating effects from rising emissions and decreasing sensitivity of Δ14C to fossil fuel CO2. The observed 5 ‰ shift must therefore have been caused by non-fossil influences, most likely due to changes in the air-sea 14C flux in the Southern Ocean. Seasonal cycles with higher Δ14C in summer or fall were evident at most stations, with largest amplitudes observed at Point Barrow (71°N) and La Jolla (32°N). Fossil fuel emissions do not account for the seasonal cycles of Δ14C in either hemisphere, indicating strong contributions from non-fossil influences, most likely from stratosphere-troposphere exchange.”

Citation: Graven, H. D., T. P. Guilderson, and R. F. Keeling (2012), Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02303, doi:10.1029/2011JD016535.

So its not due to AGW, thank you

 

[Old Rocks]

LOL. Frankyboy, you haven't the slightest idea of what is being discussed. LOL

 

[CrusaderFrank]

LOL. Frankyboy, you haven't the slightest idea of what is being discussed. LOL

The observed 5 ‰ shift must therefore have been caused by non-fossil influences

Do you read stuff before you post it?

 

[Old Rocks]

You dumb fuck, they are discussing the source of the 5% differance in delta C14 from one hemisphere to the other. Perhaps you should go to the source and look at the graph in the article.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

You dumb fuck, they are discussing the source of the 5% differance in delta C14 from one hemisphere to the other. Perhaps you should go to the source and look at the graph in the article.

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!

I went to the site and found this too

 

[CrusaderFrank]

You dumb fuck, they are discussing the source of the 5% differance in delta C14 from one hemisphere to the other. Perhaps you should go to the source and look at the graph in the article.

yes, it said "non-fossil influences" there too

 

[Old Rocks]

You dumb fuck, they are discussing the source of the 5% differance in delta C14 from one hemisphere to the other. Perhaps you should go to the source and look at the graph in the article.

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!

I went to the site and found this too

AGW Observer

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!
Size Increase in High Elevation Ground Squirrels over the Last Century – Eastman et al. (2012)

Abstract: “There is increasing evidence for morphological change in response to 20th century environmental change, but how this relates to fluctuations in geographic range is unclear. We measured museum specimens from two time periods (1902-1950 and 2000-2008) that vary significantly in climate to assess if and how two high elevation contracting species of ground squirrels in the Sierra Nevada of California, Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) and the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis), and one lower elevation, stable species, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), have responded morphologically to changes in California over the last century. We measured skull length (condylobasal length), an ontogenetically more labile trait, and maxillary toothrow length (MTRL), a more developmentally constrained trait. C. lateralis and U. beldingi, both obligate hibernators, have increased in body size but have not changed in body shape. In contrast, O. beecheyi, which only hibernates in parts of its range, has shown no significant change in either morphometric trait. The increase in body size in the higher elevation species, presumably a plastic effect due to a longer growing season and thus prolonged food availability, opposes the expected direction of selection for decreased body size under chronic warming. We hypothesize that population contraction is related to physiological rather than nutritional constraints.”

Citation: Lindsey M. Eastman, Toni Lyn Morelli, Kevin C. Rowe, Chris J. Conroy, Craig Moritz, Global Change Biology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02644.x.

 

[skookerasbil]

Hey Frank............saw a report his morning that mega-pythons are destroying all of the mammal life in the Everglades recently. Evidently, some genius is saying its global warming!!!


This shit gets better and better all the time!!!

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Hey Frank............saw a report his morning that mega-pythons are destroying all of the mammal life in the Everglades recently. Evidently, some genius is saying its global warming!!!


This shit gets better and better all the time!!!

I thought it was "wider swings" Bro? At least that what they say happens with the weather...snowing because of AGW, hot because of AGW...that's science man

 

[CrusaderFrank]

You dumb fuck, they are discussing the source of the 5% differance in delta C14 from one hemisphere to the other. Perhaps you should go to the source and look at the graph in the article.

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!

I went to the site and found this too

AGW Observer

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!
Size Increase in High Elevation Ground Squirrels over the Last Century – Eastman et al. (2012)

Abstract: “There is increasing evidence for morphological change in response to 20th century environmental change, but how this relates to fluctuations in geographic range is unclear. We measured museum specimens from two time periods (1902-1950 and 2000-2008) that vary significantly in climate to assess if and how two high elevation contracting species of ground squirrels in the Sierra Nevada of California, Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) and the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis), and one lower elevation, stable species, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), have responded morphologically to changes in California over the last century. We measured skull length (condylobasal length), an ontogenetically more labile trait, and maxillary toothrow length (MTRL), a more developmentally constrained trait. C. lateralis and U. beldingi, both obligate hibernators, have increased in body size but have not changed in body shape. In contrast, O. beecheyi, which only hibernates in parts of its range, has shown no significant change in either morphometric trait. The increase in body size in the higher elevation species, presumably a plastic effect due to a longer growing season and thus prolonged food availability, opposes the expected direction of selection for decreased body size under chronic warming. We hypothesize that population contraction is related to physiological rather than nutritional constraints.”

Citation: Lindsey M. Eastman, Toni Lyn Morelli, Kevin C. Rowe, Chris J. Conroy, Craig Moritz, Global Change Biology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02644.x.

At the present rate, we expect to have Jurassic Squirrels by the year 2028!

 

[RollingThunder]

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!

I went to the site and found this too

AGW Observer

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!
Size Increase in High Elevation Ground Squirrels over the Last Century – Eastman et al. (2012)

Abstract: “There is increasing evidence for morphological change in response to 20th century environmental change, but how this relates to fluctuations in geographic range is unclear. We measured museum specimens from two time periods (1902-1950 and 2000-2008) that vary significantly in climate to assess if and how two high elevation contracting species of ground squirrels in the Sierra Nevada of California, Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) and the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis), and one lower elevation, stable species, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), have responded morphologically to changes in California over the last century. We measured skull length (condylobasal length), an ontogenetically more labile trait, and maxillary toothrow length (MTRL), a more developmentally constrained trait. C. lateralis and U. beldingi, both obligate hibernators, have increased in body size but have not changed in body shape. In contrast, O. beecheyi, which only hibernates in parts of its range, has shown no significant change in either morphometric trait. The increase in body size in the higher elevation species, presumably a plastic effect due to a longer growing season and thus prolonged food availability, opposes the expected direction of selection for decreased body size under chronic warming. We hypothesize that population contraction is related to physiological rather than nutritional constraints.”

Citation: Lindsey M. Eastman, Toni Lyn Morelli, Kevin C. Rowe, Chris J. Conroy, Craig Moritz, Global Change Biology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02644.x.

At the present rate, we expect to have Jurassic Squirrels by the year 2028!

At the present rate of decline, your IQ will reach zero in approximately 28 minutes, frankie-boy.

Of course, no one will notice any difference.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

AGW Observer

Look out, squirrels are getting bigger!
Size Increase in High Elevation Ground Squirrels over the Last Century – Eastman et al. (2012)

Abstract: “There is increasing evidence for morphological change in response to 20th century environmental change, but how this relates to fluctuations in geographic range is unclear. We measured museum specimens from two time periods (1902-1950 and 2000-2008) that vary significantly in climate to assess if and how two high elevation contracting species of ground squirrels in the Sierra Nevada of California, Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) and the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis), and one lower elevation, stable species, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), have responded morphologically to changes in California over the last century. We measured skull length (condylobasal length), an ontogenetically more labile trait, and maxillary toothrow length (MTRL), a more developmentally constrained trait. C. lateralis and U. beldingi, both obligate hibernators, have increased in body size but have not changed in body shape. In contrast, O. beecheyi, which only hibernates in parts of its range, has shown no significant change in either morphometric trait. The increase in body size in the higher elevation species, presumably a plastic effect due to a longer growing season and thus prolonged food availability, opposes the expected direction of selection for decreased body size under chronic warming. We hypothesize that population contraction is related to physiological rather than nutritional constraints.”

Citation: Lindsey M. Eastman, Toni Lyn Morelli, Kevin C. Rowe, Chris J. Conroy, Craig Moritz, Global Change Biology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02644.x.

At the present rate, we expect to have Jurassic Squirrels by the year 2028!

At the present rate of decline, your IQ will reach zero in approximately 28 minutes, frankie-boy.

Of course, no one will notice any difference.

Before Global Warming other squirrels used to kick sand in my face...

 

[RollingThunder]

At the present rate, we expect to have Jurassic Squirrels by the year 2028!

At the present rate of decline, your IQ will reach zero in approximately 28 minutes, frankie-boy.

Of course, no one will notice any difference.

Before Global Warming other squirrels used to kick sand in my face...

See.....what did I just say....the difference between 'absolute imbecile' and 'braindead' is unnoticeable in ol' CrazyFrankie's case....

 

[CrusaderFrank]

At the present rate of decline, your IQ will reach zero in approximately 28 minutes, frankie-boy.

Of course, no one will notice any difference.

Before Global Warming other squirrels used to kick sand in my face...

See.....what did I just say....the difference between 'absolute imbecile' and 'braindead' is unnoticeable in ol' CrazyFrankie's case....

Did you not know that OR's site had an article linking AGW to bigger squirrels?

You're just so perfectly stupid

 

[Old Rocks]

Well yes. Longer growing seasons equals more food, which, in most mammals that fairly plastic adjustments to food supply, means bigger mammals. Before Asia became affluent, one could see this effect in the children of asian immigrants to this nation. They were routinely larger than their parents, often by quite a bit.

An expected result, confirmed by observation.

Midwest Region

The Midwest’s climate is shaped by the presence of the Great Lakes and the region’s location in the middle of the North American continent. This location, far from the temperature-moderating effects of the oceans, contributes to large seasonal swings in air temperature from hot, humid summers to cold winters. In recent decades, a noticeable increase in average temperatures in the Midwest has been observed, despite the strong year-to-year variations. The largest increase has been measured in winter, extending the length of the frost-free or growing season by more than one week, mainly due to earlier dates for the last spring frost. Heavy downpours are now twice as frequent as they were a century ago. Both summer and winter precipitation have been above average for the last three decades, the wettest period in a century. The Midwest has experienced two record-breaking floods in the past 15 years.213 There has also been a decrease in lake ice, including on the Great Lakes. Since the 1980s, large heat waves have been more frequent in the Midwest than any time in the last century, other than the Dust Bowl years of the 1930s

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Well yes. Longer growing seasons equals more food, which, in most mammals that fairly plastic adjustments to food supply, means bigger mammals. Before Asia became affluent, one could see this effect in the children of asian immigrants to this nation. They were routinely larger than their parents, often by quite a bit.

An expected result, confirmed by observation.

Midwest Region

The Midwest’s climate is shaped by the presence of the Great Lakes and the region’s location in the middle of the North American continent. This location, far from the temperature-moderating effects of the oceans, contributes to large seasonal swings in air temperature from hot, humid summers to cold winters. In recent decades, a noticeable increase in average temperatures in the Midwest has been observed, despite the strong year-to-year variations. The largest increase has been measured in winter, extending the length of the frost-free or growing season by more than one week, mainly due to earlier dates for the last spring frost. Heavy downpours are now twice as frequent as they were a century ago. Both summer and winter precipitation have been above average for the last three decades, the wettest period in a century. The Midwest has experienced two record-breaking floods in the past 15 years.213 There has also been a decrease in lake ice, including on the Great Lakes. Since the 1980s, large heat waves have been more frequent in the Midwest than any time in the last century, other than the Dust Bowl years of the 1930s