Harmageddon
Member
Originally posted by Said1:
Sweet, semantics.
Do a little more study. You will see this isn't always the case as you are asserting.
And back to one of my original points, the results were not mostly "catastrophic".
Sweet, were back to namecalling game again.
However, Im not interested in that since Ill win anyways, so lets get on with the discussion at hand, shall we? Here are some figures:
Successful regime change projects:
Iran in 1953, Guatemala in 1954.
Both were orchestrated by the CIA, both installed regimes friendly to Washington, both had a very limited backing of the local populace, mainly because of their disdain for human rights.
Iran, in the longterm, backfired on America (much like Indonesia did on the Netherlands): an anti-American Islamic radical regime overthrew the Shah of Iran in 1979 and remains to this day.
Guatamala on the other hand, turned out into a real success story over time, ousting its pro-American dictators, and is now a true democracy.
Catastrophic regime change projects:
Chili, 1973, America backed the military coup to overthrow the democratically elect president Allende and install the American-friendly brutal dictator Augusto Pinochet. Pinochet imprisons well over a hundred thousand of people (torture and rape are the usual methods of interrogation), terminates civil liberties, abolishes unions, extends the work week to 48 hours, and reverses Allende's land reforms and ended up ruling Chili for nearly two decades, until 1990.
Haiti, being occupied by America for 19 years from 1915 to 1934, which destroyed most of Haitis education systems, was in for a whole lot more American interventions.
Several years later, in 1957, Papa Doc, or Dr. Francois Duvalier, installed a military dictatorship, which led to a braindrain besides all the murder and corruption. Papa Docs power was replaced to his son, Baby Doc, in 1971, and the Duvalier family stayed in power until 1986. After a few years of recouperating, the Haitian people managed to get a constitution and free elections, in which popularly elected (67% of the votes) leftist priest, Jean-Bertrand Aristide came to power in december, 1990.
Bring in the American policy of regime change once again, as America backed military dictator Dr. Roger Lafontant violently overthrew the democratically elect government of Aristide. The military dictatorsip led to a large-scale exodus of boat people, most of them rescued by the US coast guard.
The military dictatorship was finally broken by a UN resolution that called for any means necessary to overthrow them. A multinational force did exactly this, and the 1996 elections were the first in Haitis history in which two democratically elect governments succeeded one another.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Haiti
Panama, after first backing the former Panama secret service and former CIA operative and thus America-friendly Manuel Noriega as president, relations turned sour after a while. Americas hardline stance on drug trafficing was followed in 1989 by an American invasion codenamed Operation Just Cause, which replaced Noriega by Guillermo Endara, who was elected president at a US army base. Drug trafficing has risen since.
Grenada, after gaining its independence in 1974 under the leadership of Eric Gairy, his government became increasingly authoritarian, prompting a bloodless coup detat in 1979 by the charismatic and popular left wing leader Marice Bishop. By 1983, a Stalinist group ensued a bloody coup to overthrow Marice Bishops government, and an American invasion was the result, installing an American friendly government once more.
El Salvador, 1980, a right-wing junta takes over leading to America massively supporting the country, assisting the military in its fight against FMLN guerrillas. Death squads proliferate; Archbishop Romero is assassinated by right-wing terrorists; 35,000 civilians are killed in 1978-81. The rape and murder of four US churchwomen results in the suspension of US military aid for one month. America demands that the junta undertake land reform. Within 3 years, however, the reform program is halted by the oligarchy.
Puerto Rico, after taken in 1898 from the Spanish, American rule of Puerto Rico has intersected between exploitation, imperialism and racism; classical colony rule. The nations economy has been devastated by tax exemptions to American companies, whereas the Puerto Ricans have opposed this colonial rule from the beginning to this day.
Nicaragua, has seen U.S. military interventions and lengthy periods of military dictatorship, the most infamous being the rule of the Somoza family (supported by successive U.S. governments) for much of the early 20th century.
Infamous Sumoza members (period of rule): Anastasio Somoza García (1937-1947, 1950-1956), Luis Somoza Debayle (1956-1963) and Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1967-1972, 1974-1979).
The Sumoza family rule was finally ended in 1979 after a brief civil war, and the victorious Sandista National Liberation Front rule Nicaragua for the next 12 years. The Sandinistas inherited a country in ruins, with a debt of 1.6 billion US dollars, an estimated 50,000 war dead, 600,000 homeless, and a devastated economic infrastructure.
Because it was a leftist political party, it was opposed by the US which subsequently funded the Contras, and strangled the Nicaraguan economy with trade embargos. The CIA disrupted shipping by placing underwater mines in Nicaraguas harbour, an action condemned by the World Court as illegal (not that the US cares about the World Court).
After a full year of sponsoring the Contras while reports of their atrocities included rape, torture and indiscriminate attacks on civilians, the US state department finally declared the Contras to be terrorists, under pressure of the US Congress.
On top of that, current director of National Intelligence for the United States, John Negroponte was involved in covert funding of the Contras in Nicaragua and covered up human rights abuses carried out by CIA trained operatives in Honduras in the 1980s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somoza
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front
Cuba, Fulgencio Batista installed a dictatorial oppressive regime in 1952, which led to many guerillia groups, most notably that of Fidel Castro. After a short exile, Castro returned in 1956 and with popular backing overthrew Batistas government.
Cuba was forced by the US to produce nothing but sugar, and most companies in the country were US based. Castro opposed this, which led to rapidly deteriorating relations. After a while, Castro stated his ideology to be communism , trading Soviet support for more US opposition. This led to the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, a grand failure by any standard. The Soviet Union began constructing nuclear missile sites on Cuba, which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the closest the world has been to a nuclear holocaust.
The Soviet Union backed down, in return for the American promise to remove its nuclear missiles from Turkey and to never invade Cuba again.
The collapse of the Soviet Union, multiple CIA operations in the country to execute Castro, combined with Castros numerous executions of US backed terrorists have resulted in the present state of Cuba which is the worst in the Western hemisphere.
Under Castro, Cuba is not fairing much better than under Batista.
Somalia, 1993, while a multinational UN force was getting bogged down, the US sent additional forces to help with stabilizing efforts. What began as a humanitarian mission that saved millions from starvation, ended in a nation-building tragedy.
US forces utterly destroyed a building, thought to be the safe-house of General Mohammed Farrah Aidids forces (responsible for the killing of 24 Pakistani troops of the UN forces in the area) sadly this was not the case. Instead, inside were 50 clan elders of Somalian tribes that were discussing a peaceful solution to the civil war in Somalia. The killing of the clan elders escalated the conflict, resulting in angry mobs that agressively attacked the remaining US and UN forces.
Then of course, during the Korean and Vietnam war, there were those in favour of regime change, General Douglas McArthur in Korea, Barry Goldwater in Vietnam. I almost forget, the Reagan administration funded both Iraq and through the Contras from Nicaragua Iran (Iran-contra affair) in their eight year war, profiting greatly from the mutual slaughter.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_Affair
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime_change
So, what was I saying again?
Originally Posted by Harmageddon:
These revolutions, as the word means, were instigated by the local populace to overthrow their own (installed) regimes. Mostly this happened after years of growing oppression by their dictators.
Installed regimes have continuously been overthrown, and as the word implies, were installed (mostly by force).
Indeed, it seems to be exactly as I was asserting.
In all fairness, this biased view of catastrophic regime change - all instigated by America - is only half the story. We've had the European colonial age, which also resulted eventually of the ousting of dictatorial installed regimes. And least I forget, the Soviet Union's regime change programs were equally catastrophic, and have devastated Eastern European countries for decades. After the fall of the Soviet Union, these have all gone through revolutions to install a more democratic regime, with varying degrees of success.